https://www.selleckchem.com/products/apocynin-acetovanillone.html Tools for rationalizing electrochemical reactivity consisting of potential dependant projected density of states, Fukui function and metallicity index are defined. The methodology and tools are applied to examples relevant to the energy domain in order the compare reactivity in the outer Helmholtz plane and at the surface. Then, the combination of HBM and reactivity create a toolbox usable to predict and investigate the different redox, degradation and ageing processes occurring at an electrochemical interface such as the one found in energy materials but also in all electrochemical applications.Hysteresis in the current response to a varying gate voltage is a common spurious effect in carbon-based field effect transistors. Here, we use electric transport measurements to probe the charge transport in networks of armchair graphene nanoribbons with a width of either 5 or 9 carbon atoms, synthesized in a bottom-up approach using chemical vapor deposition. Our systematic study on the hysteresis of such graphene nanoribbon transistors, in conjunction with temperature-dependent transport measurements shows that the hysteresis can be fully accounted for by trapping/detrapping carriers in the SiO2 layer. We extract the trap densities and depth, allowing us to identify shallow traps as the main origin of the hysteresis effect.We investigate the effect of pressure, temperature and acidity on the composition of water-rich carbon-bearing fluids under thermodynamic conditions that correspond to the Earth's deep crust and upper mantle. Our first-principles molecular dynamics simulations provide mechanistic insight into the hydration shell of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, and into the pathways of the acid/base reactions that convert these carbon species into one another in aqueous solutions. At temperatures of 1000 K and higher, our simulations can sample the chemical equilibrium of these acid/base