The circadian clock regulates a wide range of molecular pathways and biological processes. The expression of clock genes is often altered in cancer, fostering tumor initiation and progression. Inhibition and activation of core circadian clock genes, as well as treatments that restore circadian rhythmicity, have been successful in counteracting tumor growth in different experimental models. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of studies that show the therapeutic effects of targeting the clock molecular machinery in cancer, both genetically and pharmacologically. We also highlight future areas for progress that offer a promising path towards innovative anticancer strategies. Substantial limitations in the current understanding of the complex interplay between the circadian clock and cancer in vivo need to be addressed in order to allow clock-targeting therapies in cancer.The use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) significantly reduces the risk of mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Current guidelines, which are based on seminal clinical trials published nearly 2 decades ago, recommend that patients be on optimal medical therapy for HF for a minimum of 3 months before referral for prophylactic ICD. This waiting period allows for left ventricular reverse remodelling and improvement in HF symptoms, which may render primary prevention ICD implantation unnecessary. However, medical therapy for HFrEF has significantly evolved since the publication of these landmark trials. Given the plethora of medical therapy options now available for HFrEF, it is appropriate to reassess the duration of this waiting period. In the present review, we examine the landmark randomised trials in primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with HFrEF, summarise the novel medical therapies (sacubitril-valsartan, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, ivabradine, vericiguat, and omecamtiv mecarbil) that have emerged since the publication of those trials, discuss the optimal timing of ICD referral, and review subtypes of nonischemic cardiomyopathy where timing of ICD insertion is guided by alternative criteria. With the steps now needed to optimise medical therapy for HFrEF, in terms of both classes of drugs and doses of each agent, it can easily take up to 6 months to achieve optimisation. Following that, waiting periods of 3 months for ischemic cardiomyopathy and 6 months for nonischemic cardiomyopathy may be required to allow adequate reverse remodelling before reevaluating for ICD implantation.The aim of this study was to determine the absolute and relative reliability and validity of two reaction time (RT) tests in older adults using long-term facility the ruler drop test (RDT, a simple RT) and the Deary-Liewald RT task (DLRT, simple and four-choice RT). Participants (≥65 years old) using long-term facilities were distributed into a group without cognitive impairment (GWCI, n = 41), and a group with mild cognitive impairment (GCI, n = 32). The tests were administered one week apart, by the same evaluator. Relative reliability was measured by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC3.1), absolute reliability by the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC95) and convergent validity by the Pearson correlation. The results showed that the relative reliability was good for the RDT (GWCI, ICC = 0.84; GCI, ICC = 0.80) and moderate for the Deary Liewald RT simple (DLRT-S) (GWCI, ICC = 0.61; GCI, ICC = 0.65). The relative reliability of the Deary Liewald RT choice (DLRT-C) was good (ICC = 0.89) for the GWCI and excellent (ICC = 0.93) for the GCI. However, the DLRT-C had low feasibility in the GCI, as most participants were unable to complete the test. Measurement precision was acceptable for the RDT and DLRT-C (GWCI) and for the DLRT-C (GCI).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD2281(Olaparib).html  There were no significant associations between the RDT and DLRT scores. We conclude that the RDT could be more suitable than the DLRT-S for assessing simple RT in older adults. Future studies should explore if fewer than the four stimulus-response alternatives used in the DLRT-C could be more appropriate for assessing choice RT in older adults with cognitive impairment.
  Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA), which is described as the concurrent occurrence of osteopenia, sarcopenia, and adiposity, can lead to frailty and increase the risk of physical disability in elderly women. Progressive elastic band resistance exercise training (peRET) is considered a safe and feasible exercise intervention for elderly women with sarcopenic obesity. This study investigated the effects of elastic band resistance exercise on the physical capacity and body composition of elderly women with osteosarcopenic adiposity.
 
  A total of 15 and 12 women were randomly assigned to the experimental (12weeks of resistance exercise) and control groups (no exercise intervention), respectively. Lean mass (measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer) and physical capacity assessments (such as timed up and go test and single leg stance tests) were conducted at baseline, 12weeks (end of intervention), and 6months after the intervention. Outcome differences within the study and control groups were analyzed uscapacity and improved the bone density; however, without persistent training, the positive effect diminished at 6-month follow-up.Cardiovascular diseases are the number one killer in the world.1,2 Currently, there are no clinical treatments to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue, leaving patients to develop further life-threatening cardiac complications. Cardiac tissue has multiple functional demands including vascularization, contraction, and conduction that require many synergic components to properly work. Most of these functions are a direct result of the cardiac tissue structure and composition, and, for this reason, tissue engineering strongly proposed to develop substitute engineered heart tissues (EHTs). EHTs usually have combined pluripotent stem cells and supporting scaffolds with the final aim to repair or replace the damaged native tissue. However, as simple as this idea is, indeed, it resulted, after many attempts in the field, to be very challenging. Without design complexity, EHTs remain unable to mature fully and integrate into surrounding heart tissue resulting in minimal in vivo effects.3 Lately, there has been a growing body of evidence that a complex, multifunctional approach through implementing scaffold designs, cellularization, and molecular release appears to be essential in the development of a functional cardiac EHTs.