0001); neutrophil reactive oxygen species production in individuals with APF was double that observed in those without APF (P  less then  0.0001). OV-infected neutrophils had elevated CD11b expression and greater phagocytic capacity, which was even three-fold higher in those with advanced periductal fibrosis (P  less then  0.0001). This "activated" phenotype of circulating neutrophils was further confirmed by the observation that isolated neutrophils had delayed apoptosis ex vivo. We believe this is the first study to show that circulating blood neutrophil function is enhanced following OV infection and is more activated in those with advanced periductal fibrosis. We propose that this activated phenotype could contribute to the pathology of liver disease. These data support the hypothesis of an activated innate inflammatory phenotype following OV infection and provide the first evidence for involvement of neutrophils in disease pathology. Fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, is a globally distributed zoonotic disease of livestock. While F. hepatica and F. gigantica have temperate and tropical distributions, respectively, parasite sympatry occurs in parts of Asia and Africa. A growing protein demand has the potential to facilitate the translocation of parasites from endemic to non-endemic areas, via associated international livestock movements. Such is the case in Southeast Asia, where livestock trade from F. hepatica-endemic countries into China and Vietnam may account for detection of F. hepatica hybrid/introgressed forms. Of particular importance is Lao People's Democratic Republic, which acts as a major livestock thoroughfare for the region. Our ability to understand the impacts of livestock-associated Fasciola spp. movements on local animal and human health is hindered by a lack of ante-mortem diagnostic tools allowing species differentiation. Molecular tools have been developed for Fasciola spp. differentiation their co-infection and/or infection with F. hepatica/F. gigantica hybrids. OBJECTIVE To illustrate our refinement technique for robotic intracorporeal orthotopic Hautmann neobladder with adherence to open surgical principles and evaluate perioperative and functional outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal Hautmann orthotopic neobladder was performed by the same surgeon in 40 patients with bladder cancer from November 2017 to March 2019. Baseline demographics, pathologic data, 90-day complications, and functional outcomes at both 6 and 12 months were evaluated with questionnaire and urodynamic analysis. RESULTS Median follow-up was 14 months (range 4-20). Median operative time was 320 (230-500) minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 300 (100-2000) mL. No conversion to the open technique was reported. The overall 90-day complication rate was 45%, and the high-grade complication rate was only 10%. The daytime satisfactory continence rate was 90% at both 6 months (30 patients) and 12 months (20 patients), while the night-time satisfactory continence rate was 76.7% and 80.0% at 6 months and 12 months, respectively. One patient underwent clean intermittent catheterization. The cohort had minimal postvoid residual volume, normal compliance, and a mean capacity of 328.7 cm3 (range 170-500) at 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicate that robotic intracorporeal Hautmann neobladder configuration is a feasible surgical technique and can achieve a low pressure and sufficient capacity for satisfactory early voiding patterns. Refinement of the stepwise process can effectively decrease the time of the operation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-38.html  Long-term functional and oncological outcomes remain to be evaluated with longer follow-up and more cases. OBJECTIVES To examine the distribution of industry payments to male and female academic urologists and the relationship between industry funding, academic rank, and scholarly impact. MATERIAL AND METHODS Academic urologists from 131 programs with publicly available websites were compiled. Gender, rank, fellowship training, and scholarly impact metrics were recorded. Data from the 2016 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database were paired with faculty names. Comparisons were made using Fisher's Exact, Wilcoxon Rank Sum, and Spearman's Rank-Order tests. Multivariable logistic regression modeling identified predictors of receiving payments in the top quintile. RESULTS Among 1,657 academic urologists, males comprised 84%. While there were no gender differences in the number of urologists listed in the Open Payments Database, males received more total funding (P less then .001) and higher median general payments per capita (P less then .03). Males also received higher proportions of research funding (P = .002), speaker fees (P = .03), education fees (P = .03) and higher median consulting fees (P = .003). Overall, males had higher scholarly impact (P less then .001), which correlated with total industry payments (rho = 0.27, P less then .001). Predictors of accepting the top quintile payments include male gender, associate professorship and H-index score ≥10. CONCLUSION Most academic urologists accepted at least one industry payment in 2016, but males received more funding than females. There is a positive correlation between total industry payments, H-index, and total publications. More research is needed to understand why gender and scholarly productivity are associated with higher payouts. This is another important area that may influence career advancement and compensation for female urologists. BACKGROUND AND AIMS EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the criterion standard for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions. Several studies assessed the role of repeat EUS-FNA (rEUS-FNA) after an inconclusive examination. Our aim was to evaluate the pooled diagnostic accuracy of rEUS-FNA after nondiagnostic result. METHODS We conducted systematic research on electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE) and meta-analysis to obtain pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio. Summary ROC curve was used to calculate area under the curve. Subgroup analysis was used to assess the role of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). RESULTS Twelve studies (505 patients) were included. Sensitivity was 77% (66%-86%) and specificity 98% (78%-100%); positive and negative predictive values were 99% (98%-100%) and 61 (60%-63%), respectively. At 73% of disease prevalence (pre-test probability), positive rEUS-FNA increased the disease probability to 99%, whereas negative result decreased the disease probability to 39%.