Technology experts foresee that nanotechnology is the next industry revolution and it has great potential to bring solutions to many challenges of globally relevance in terms of diverse range of applications. Efficiencydriven economies are transforming into innovation-driven economies where Intellectual Property (IP) plays a pivotal role in achieving the competitive advantage. Whereas industry analysts assert that IP roadblocks will be a severe detriment to development of nanotechnology due to infringements and high-profile patent battles. Various authors have made a significant effort to analyse implications of IP on nanotechnology but most of the published literature covers only from year 2000 -2010. Data and insights pertaining to recent developments are lagging behind. Therefore, the objective of this review was to explore cutting-edge empirical evidence towards emerging trends of Intellectual Property protection in nanotechnology thereby to provide insights aimed at unleashing the full potential of nanotshadow a surge of patent filings in the years to come and challenge confront by the patent offices will be handling 'surge' of patent applications with increased complexity and multidisciplinary nature. Patent offices with inadequate efficacy will ultimately result in low quality patents difficulty to enter into markets with, and facilitate exploiting the IP legal systems to extract rewards for infringement without contributing to innovation or social prosperity of nations. Insights and recommendations given in this paper will enable nanotechnology researchers, inventors, technopreneurs and investors due diligence, to understand recent trends and global perspectives on implications of IP in nanotechnology and intensifying IP battle thereby to contemplate and succeed in their roadmaps towards leveraging on nanotechnology.Background and purpose This study subjected a rat model to the extracts of muscle and shell tissues from Protonus segnis to assess their therapeutic effects on the HT-29 colon cancer cells as well as on colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) induced by Azoxymethane (AOM). Methods The cell line was exposed to the extracts to compare cytotoxicity of hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, and water extract of muscle and ethanolic extract of shell. Male rats (n=40) were assigned into control, positive, negative, and treatment groups. The animals were injected with AOM, except the control group, and then exposed to 250 and 500mg/kg of the crud extracts. Immunohistochemical localization of Bax and Bcl-2 as well as ACF and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated in the rat colon. Results The butanolic muscle extract and ethanolic shell one demonstrated an IC50 of 9.02±0.19µg/ml and 20.23±0.27µg/ml towards the cell line, respectively. Dietary exposure inhibited ACF formation and crypt multiplicity in colon compared to cancer control group. The activity of SOD and CAT increased, while that of MDA decreased. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 increased and decreased, respectively. Conclusion Taken together, our results show that both extractions were suggested to be suppressive to AOM-induced colon cancer.Background Previous studies reported the inevitable destructive effects of radiotherapy on normal adjacent cells. Ascorbic Acid (AA) has been proposed as an effective anti-cancer agent with no obvious effect on normal cells. Objective We studied the effects of Ascorbic acid in combination with radiotherapy on human pancreatic carcinoma cell line. Methods The human pancreatic cancer cells were cultured and divided into four groups control group (A) without any treatment, group B that received 2Gy radiotherapy alone, group C that was treated with 4mM AA alone and group D that was co-treated with AA and radiotherapy. Cell viability, DNA fragmentation, expression of apoptotic genes and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined in treated cells. Results There was a noticeable decrease in cell viability after treatment with AA (and/or) radiotherapy.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mavoglurant.html  All treated groups showed elevated ROS production, Bax/Bcl2 expression, DNA fragmentation and cytotoxycity compared with control group. Cells under combination therapy showed the most cytotoxicity. Conclusion Our results suggest that AA at dose of 4 mM may be used as an effective radio-sensitizing agent in pancreatic cancer cell line.Background Brucellosis is an economically important zoonotic disease caused by the gram negative bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella. Medicinal plants are well known for a wide variety of potential antimicrobial agents that can be used as anti-microbial drugs. Method In the present study, crude ethanol and methanol extracts of local plants (Berberies lyceum and Fagonia cretica) were tested in vitro against Brucella melitensis via well diffusion method for their antibacterial activity. In in-silico study, phytochemicals previously identified in the selected plants were docked with homology model of the cytotoxic factor malate synthase G (MSG) highly conserved among Brucella spp., in Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) to predict a potential drug against B. melitensis. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed to predict the stability of MSG through MOE. Result Ethanolic crude extracts of B. lyceum showed maximum zone of inhibition (32.5 mm) followed by methanolic extracts (30 mm), while ethanolic extracts of F. cretica showed zone of inhibition (29 mm) followed by methanolic extracts (27.5 mm). In silico screening predicted phytic acid as the most potent inhibitor followed by jehlumine, barbamine, oxyberberine and sindamine. Conclusion The synergistic utilization of phytochemicals derived from B. lyceum may potentially provide protection against B. melitensis.Background/objective Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is an abnormal growth of prostate observed commonly in elderly males. Artemisinin has been reported to reduce the levels of testosterone. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of Artemisinin on testosterone propionate (TP) induced benign prostate hyperplasia. Materials and methods Male wistar albino rats (n=24) were separated into four groups of six rats each. Group I was served as control and distilled water using tween 80 an emulsifying agent was administered subcutaneously. BPH was induced by testosterone propionate 3mg/kg (Group II), S.C. daily for 28 days. Group III was BPH + Finasteride treated group (10mg/kg orally for 28 days) and BPH + Artemisinin treated group (Group IV) (50 mg/kg orally for 28 days). Result The study results showed significantly high levels of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and an elevation in prostate weight and prostatic index in Group II (BPH) when compared with Group I. The histopathological examination showed an increase in the epithelial proliferation of prostatic cells with involutions protruding into the lumen in BPH group when compared to the normal group.