posure to morphine, fentanyl, midazolam, or lorazepam was associated with lower BSID-III scores compared with infants without exposure (median [interquartile range] motor score, 85 [73-97] vs 97 [91-107]). In contrast, BSID-III scores for infants with short exposure to both opioids and benzodiazepines were not different than those of infants without exposure.
 
  In this study, prolonged combined use of opioids and benzodiazepines was associated with a risk of poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes as measured by BSID-III at 2 years' corrected age.
 In this study, prolonged combined use of opioids and benzodiazepines was associated with a risk of poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes as measured by BSID-III at 2 years' corrected age.
  Concerns have been raised that substandard medical care has contributed to deaths in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities. After each in-custody death, ICE produces detainee death reviews, which describe the circumstances of the death and determine whether ICE Performance-Based National Detention Standards (PBNDS) were violated.
 
  To describe factors associated with deaths in ICE detention facilities.
 
  This case series used data extracted from detainee death reviews of deaths among individuals detained in ICE facilities for whom these reviews were available from January 2011 to December 2018.
 
  All individuals were in the custody of ICE at the time of death.
 
  Data including demographic information, medical histories, recorded medical data, and reported violations of PBNDS were systematically extracted and summarized.
 
  Among 71 individuals who died in an ICE detention facility during the study period, detainee death reviews were available for 55 (77.5%). Most were male (47 [85ng young men with low burdens of preexisting disease. Markedly abnormal vital signs preceded death or hospital transfer for most nonsuicide deaths. The PBNDS were violated in most detainee death reviews. These results suggest that additional oversight and external evaluation of practices related to medical and psychiatric care within ICE facilities are needed.
 In this case series, deaths in ICE detention facilities from 2011 to 2018 occurred primarily among young men with low burdens of preexisting disease. Markedly abnormal vital signs preceded death or hospital transfer for most nonsuicide deaths. The PBNDS were violated in most detainee death reviews. These results suggest that additional oversight and external evaluation of practices related to medical and psychiatric care within ICE facilities are needed.
  The Family Connects (FC) program, a community-wide nurse home visiting program for newborns, has been shown to provide benefits for children and families through the first 2 years of life. Potential longer-term outcomes for child well-being remain unknown.
 
  To determine the effect of randomization to FC on child maltreatment investigations and emergency medical care through 5 years of age.
 
  In this randomized clinical trial, families of all 4777 resident births in Durham County, North Carolina, from July 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, were randomly assigned to receive the FC program or treatment as usual. Impact evaluation was on an intent-to-treat basis and focused on a subsample of 549 families randomly selected from the full population and included review of hospital and Child Protective Services (CPS) administrative records. Statistical analysis was conducted from November 6, 2020, to April 25, 2021.
 
  The FC programs includes 1 to 3 nurse home visits beginning at the infant age of 3 weeks designed toIdentifier NCT01406184.Mesophyll conductance (gm) is an important factor limiting photosynthesis. However, gm response to long-term growth in variable [CO2] is not well understood, particularly in crop plants.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/avacopan-ccx168-.html  Here, we grew two cultivars of wheat (Halberd and Cranbrook), known to differ in gm under current environmental conditions, in four [CO2] treatments glacial (206 μmol mol -1), pre-industrial (344 μmol mol -1), current ambient (489 μmol mol -1) and super-elevated (1085 μmol mol -1), and two water treatments (well-watered and moderate water limitation), to develop an evolutionary and future climate perspective on gm control of photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE). In the two wheat genotypes, gm increased with rising [CO2]from glacial to ambient [CO2], but declined at super-elevated [CO2]. The responses of gm to different growth [CO2]also depend on water stress; however, the specific mechanism of gm response to [CO2]remains unclear. Although gm and gm/gsc (mesophyll conductance/stomatal conductance) were strongly associated with the variability of photosynthetic rates (A) and WUE, we found that plants with higher gm may increase A without increasing gsc, which increased WUE. These results may be useful to inform plant breeding programs and cultivar selection for Australian wheat under future environmental conditions.During the coronavirus pandemic, second-year students on the B.Sc. molecular biology and genetics degree at Istanbul Technical University sat an open-ended online exam for a microbiology course in which one of the compulsory questions asked how the course had helped them during the first phase of the pandemic (April-July 2020). Fifty of 69 students gave consent for their (anonymous) responses to be analysed in order to discern any key ways in which their knowledge had been applied. The aim of the study was to investigate whether taking an advanced microbiology course increases understanding of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and has a positive impact on student behaviours with respect to public health practices. Findings were divided into four major themes course content (information), application of course content to behavioural change (practice), professionalism and their 'audience' whilst at home in lockdown (family and friends). Social distancing, wearing face masks, and hand and surface hygiene were described as important behaviours, with this practice informed by their basic microbiology knowledge. This paper describes a scenario where rote assessment can be used to assess wider scientific literacy with respect to application in society, providing students with an opportunity to incorporate and apply their learning into real-life situations, whilst tutors can assess constructivist learning, conceptual understanding and impact on student behaviour.