https://www.selleckchem.com/products/akti-1-2.html Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depression. Previous studies suggested that dopaminergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the mechanism of the action of ECT. Since dopamine transporters (DAT) regulate extracellular dopamine concentration, DAT represents an interesting target for the study of the mechanism of action of ECT. Eight inpatients (7 patients with major depressive disorder and 1 patient with bipolar disorder with a DSM-IV diagnosis) received a series of 7-15(11.3±5.2) bilateral ECT sessions.The severity of symptoms was assessed using the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S). All patients were examined with [18F]FE-PE2I positron emission tomography (PET) at pre-ECT, after the 10th ECT, and at post-ECT. Striatal DAT-binding potential (BPND) of all patients was reduced, with an average change ratio of DAT-BPND of -13.1±5.6%. In the 2 cases with 15 ECT sessions, the ratio change of DAT-BPND after the 15th ECT was larger than that after the 10th ECT. Also, HDRS and CGI-S were reduced. These results indicate that the dopamine nervous system is part of themechanism of action of ECT.Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with impaired executive functioning and integrity of fronto-limbic white matter tracts. The evaluation of these factors in young offspring of patients with BD (BDoff) as a high-risk group offers an opportunity to investigate factors that could predict vulnerability to the disorder. This study aims to examine the correlation between neurocognition and neuroimaging findings to evaluate the potential for these findings as biomarkers for the early recognition of BD. We enrolled BDoff (n = 16) who were aged between 12 and 18. Participants were assessed using clinical and neurocognitive tests. In addition, structural brain magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained. Mean frac