https://www.selleckchem.com/products/reversine.html 1 silenced plants, leading to less water holding capacity in GhFAR3.1 silenced plants and plant wilting. Silencing GhFAR3.1 had no effect on the expression levels of the wax biosynthesis pathway genes KAS, KCS, and LACS (upstream GhFAR3.1), but reduced the transcript level of its downstream gene WSD. Together, these results suggest that leaf wax content is important for water retention and drought tolerance and that GhFAR3.1 is essential for wax synthesis in cotton leaves. These results also provide the basis for further study on the molecular regulation mechanism of GhFARs in cotton development and surface lipid synthesis.The 2020-2021 otolaryngology residency application cycle has been immensely distorted by travel restrictions mandated in response to coronavirus disease 2019, limiting opportunities for applicants to meet and rotate with programs of interest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate otolaryngology applicants' preferences toward the content and format of virtual residency information sessions. An anonymous online survey was developed to gauge applicants' virtual exposure to otolaryngology programs and investigate their preferences during virtual sessions. Almost all respondents attended at least 1 virtual information session (89%). Respondents felt that the most important aspects of these sessions were meeting residents, learning about operative volume, and meeting faculty. The majority (85%) preferred these sessions last no longer than 2 hours. Participants preferred virtual sessions to include breakout sessions with participant video/microphone on. These findings have implications for future virtual resident recruitment strategies. The contribution of lumbar scoliosis to osteoporosis is unknown. This work aimed to determine the prevalence and relationship of lumbar scoliosis to osteoporosis in aging women. A cross-sectional analysis used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of randomly