https://www.selleckchem.com/products/as1842856.html Vaccine Vial Monitors (VVM) are used to estimate if a vaccine has been exposed to excessive hot temperatures. This endpoint measurement is useful in determining if a vaccine is safe to be administered to a patient, but it does not pinpoint where in the cold chain a vaccine was exposed to excessive heat. With the expansion and technological advancement of cold chain equipment temperature monitoring, it is now possible to remotely estimate VVM status as a vaccine moves through the cold chain. In the present study, we examine the application of the mathematical principles backing VVMs on real, continuous, temperature monitoring data in Africa. Results suggest that exposure to short bursts of hot temperature or long power outages may still allow for safe distribution of affected vaccines. The remaining VVM life calculation could improve managerial visibility into cold chain equipment performance allowing for better data-driven planning and maintenance decisions.The eighth edition of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging manual was recently introduced. The staging of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma saw changes in relation to depth of invasion and extra-nodal extension. We aimed to evaluate this system and its prognostic ability in a UK cohort. A retrospective review was undertaken of patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity between January 2009 and December 2013. Data were collected on demographics, histology, and recurrence-free (RFS) and five-year overall survival (OS). Patients were staged using both the seventh and eighth editions of the UICC staging manual. Stage-specific survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 191 records were reviewed and 87 were included in the analysis. The mean (range) age was 60 (37-88) years, and 53% were male. The tongue was the most common site (51%). Using the seventh edition patients were staged as