Results from the histopathological studies showed that naringin treatment preserved the renal tissue structure and reduced the degree of fibrosis in the kidney tissues of rats that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In addition, naringin administration reduced the expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the kidneys of rats following UUO. The current study, using western blot analysis, indicated that naringin also downregulated the activation of Smad2/3 and the expression of Smad4, high-mobility group protein B1, activator protein-1, NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 whilst upregulating the expression of Smad7 in fibrotic NRK-52E cells and rats in the UUO group. In conclusion, naringin could antagonize renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors.In the last decade, the roles of circulating cell free nuclear (ccfn) and ccf mitochondrial (ccfmt) DNA as potential noninvasive biomarkers have been demonstrated in numerous different types of disease, including cancer. However, the results remain controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of ccfnDNA and ccfmtDNA levels in the plasma of patients with breast cancer. A total of 84 Syrian female subjects were included in the study, who were divided into 3 groups i) Malignant disease group (n=33); ii) benign disease group (n=26); and iii) healthy control group (n=25). CcfnDNA and ccfmtDNA were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and the reactions were followed by melting curve analysis. The results indicated no significant differences in the plasma levels of ccfnDNA, ccfmtDNA or the ratio of ccfmtDNA/ccfnDNA between the study groups. Of note, a positive correlation was observed between the ccfmtDNA/ccfnDNA ratio and age in the control group (P=0.012; r=0.505). In addition, a positive correlation was identified between ccfnDNA levels and the estrogen receptor status (P=0.045; r=0.416), while a negative correlation between ccfmtDNA/ccfnDNA ratio and the progesterone receptor status was obtained (P=0.045; r=-0.448. Aging and the role of hormones in the cells may be responsible for these results. In the future, the present study should be followed up with mutation detection analyses and large-scale studies.The dried roots or rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge are commonly used in Chinese medicine to promote blood circulation and regulate menstruation. Salvianic acid A and salvianolic acid B are the main active water-soluble compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza solution. The present study investigated the protective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza solution and its active compounds in H2O2-induced cell damage of the human ovarian granulosa tumor cell line (KGN) in vitro, as well as its underlying mechanism. Cell viability was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression of TNF-α. It was demonstrated that Salvia miltiorrhiza solution, salvianic acid A and salvianolic acid B did not affect the viability of KGN cells. Additionally, salvianic acid A and salvianolic acid B significantly reduced the H2O2-induced increased MDA levels, and reversed the H2O2-induced suppression of SOD and GSH activities in KGN cells (P less then 0.05). Treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza solution, salvianic acid A and salvianolic acid B significantly reduced the overexpression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and TNF-α compared with the H2O2-treated group (P less then 0.05).  https://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html  Therefore, the present results indicated that Salvia miltiorrhiza solution and its main water-soluble compounds, salvianic acid A and salvianolic acid B, ameliorated KGN cell damage induced by H2O2.Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TB) leads to airway stenosis, irreversible airway damage and even death. The present study aimed to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis of tracheobronchial stenosis (TBS) secondary to tracheobronchial TB. A cohort was recruited, including patients with TBS after tracheobronchial TB, TBS after tracheal intubation or tracheotomy (TIT) and no stenosis of early-stage lung cancer,. Proteomic profiling was performed to gain insight into the mechanisms of the pathological processes. Differentially expressed proteins in the serum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Subsequently, ELISA was performed to validate the changes of protein levels in an additional cohort. MALDI-TOF MS revealed that 8 peptides in the serum, including myeloid-associated differentiation marker, keratin type I cytoskeletal 18, fibrinogen α-chain, angiotensinogen (AGT), apolipoprotein A-I (APOAI), clusterin and two uncharacterized peptides, and nine peptides in BALF, including argininosuccinate lyase, APOAI, AGT and five uncharacterized peptides, were differentially expressed (molecular-weight range, 1,000-10,000 Da) in the TB group compared with the TIT group. The ELISA results indicated that the changes in the protein levels had a similar trend as those identified by proteomic profiling. In conclusion, the present study identified proteins that may serve as potential biomarkers and provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying TBS after tracheobronchial TB.The aim of the present study was to explore the safety of apatinib plus S-1 in treating advanced solid tumors after failure of two or more lines of chemotherapy. A total of 33 patients with advanced cancer treated between April 2016 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 13 patients had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 13 patients had SCLC, 4 patients had esophageal cancer and 3 had cervical cancer. All patients were treated with apatinib 250 mg once daily combined with S-1 60 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days, repeated every 3 weeks. Adverse reactions were observed until aggravation of adverse reactions beyond the tolerable range or disease progression, and the survival rate and clinical benefits were calculated. The results suggested that the incidence rate of adverse effects (grade 3-4) was 45.5% (15/33). The top three severe adverse effects were hypertension (15.2%), thrombocytopenia (12.1%) and proteinuria (9.1%). A total of 2 patients with lung squamous-cell carcinomas died of severe pulmonary hemorrhage.