05), consistent with systemic inflammation.
 
  This pilot study provides preliminary data for future large-scale studies to define the relationship between ACS and chronic periodontitis, the underlying mechanisms, and the potential therapeutic efficacy of appropriate periodontal management to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease.
 This pilot study provides preliminary data for future large-scale studies to define the relationship between ACS and chronic periodontitis, the underlying mechanisms, and the potential therapeutic efficacy of appropriate periodontal management to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease.
  To evaluate and compare the flexural strength of three CAD-CAM glass-ceramic materials and to investigate the effect of various surface treatments on their flexural strength.
 
  120 rectangular specimens were fabricated from three different types of CAD-CAM ceramic blocks and were divided into three groups zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo, Group 1), leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD, Group 2), and lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Group 3). Dimensions of the specimens were standardized to 14.5x12.5 mm and 1.5 mm thickness. Specimens in each group were randomized into four subgroups. The first subgroup (NS) did not undergo any surface treatment; the second subgroup (P) underwent polishing only; the third subgroup (G) underwent glazing only; and the fourth subgroup (PG) underwent both polishing and glazing surface treatments. Biaxial flexural strength (FS) testing was performed until fracture occurred; FS was calculated in MPa. All analyses were performed using SPSS vering and glazing.
 
  This study provides the clinician with an estimate of the flexural strength of glass-ceramic materials and shows how various surface treatments affect their strength.
 This study provides the clinician with an estimate of the flexural strength of glass-ceramic materials and shows how various surface treatments affect their strength.
  To assess the gingivitis reduction efficacy of a novel stannous-containing fluoride dentifrice relative to a negative control.
 
  100 generally healthy adults with 10 or more gingival bleeding sites based on the Mazza Modification of the Papillary Bleeding Index (Mazza GI) were enrolled into a 2-week randomized, controlled, double-blind, single-center, two-treatment, parallel group clinical study.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bos172722.html  The subjects were randomly assigned to the stannous-containing dentifrice group (experimental group) or the sodium fluoride dentifrice group (negative control group). An oral examination and Mazza GI examination were conducted at Baseline, Day 3 and Week 2 post-baseline by a qualified dental examiner.
 
  98 subjects completed the study. The experimental group provided a significant reduction in Mazza GI scores and number of bleeding sites relative to baseline at Day 3 and Week 2 (P< 0.0001). The negative control did not provide significant reductions versus baseline for either measure at either timepoint (P> 0.3). At Day 3, the experimental group provided a statistically significant reduction of Mazza GI scores and number of bleeding sites compared with the negative control group (P< 0.0001). At Week 2, the experimental group showed 24.11% lower Mazza GI scores and 54.81% fewer bleeding sites than the negative control group (P< 0.0001).
 
  The results demonstrated that the novel stannous-containing fluoride dentifrice had a superior anti-gingivitis effect compared to the sodium fluoride negative control dentifrice, which was evident as quickly as 3 days after use and further improved after 2 weeks of usage.
 The results demonstrated that the novel stannous-containing fluoride dentifrice had a superior anti-gingivitis effect compared to the sodium fluoride negative control dentifrice, which was evident as quickly as 3 days after use and further improved after 2 weeks of usage.
  To evaluate and compare the effect on micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of a double layer application of three universal adhesives applied in self-etch mode to proximal dentin/cementum gingival margins of class II direct composite restorations, immediately and after 12 months water storage.
 
  66 molars with compound class II cavities, with gingival margin 1 mm below CEJ, were divided into three groups according to the universal adhesive used. The adhesives evaluated included All-Bond Universal (AB), Single Bond Universal (SB), and Prime&Bond Elect (PB). The groups were further subdivided according to adhesive application technique, either single layer or double layer application. All teeth were restored with the same nanofilled resin composite. µTBS were examined at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute after 24 hours or 12 months water storage. Fracture mode was assessed under stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test (P< 0.05).
 
  Th to dentin-cementum cervical margins.
  To compare the bleaching efficacy of in-office (Opalescence), professional home (LumiBrite), over the counter (WhiteLight) and natural (strawberry extract) bleaching agents.
 
  80 teeth were selected and divided into two groups which were stained with black coffee and red wine respectively. The stained specimens were subdivided into four subgroups to be bleached with Opalescence, LumiBrite, WhiteLight and strawberry extract. Color measurements were made using spectrophotometer at baseline level, after staining, after bleaching and 1 week after bleaching. The ΔE₀₀ was calculated post bleaching (ΔE₀₀1), after 1-week follow up (ΔE₀₀2) and color changes between 1-week follow up and baseline (ΔE₀₀3). Data were analyzed by paired t-test and ANOVA with a significant difference of P< 0.05.
 
  Paired t-test showed significant differences in ΔE₀₀1 and ΔE₀₀2 for both stained specimens (P< 0.001). For black coffee stained specimens, Whitelight had significantly higher ΔE₀₀2 compared to the other bleaching agents (Pduced side effects.
  To evaluate the effect of two desensitizing agents applied before in-office bleaching, on the degree of whitening and dentin sensitivity.
 
  Participants were randomly assigned to the groups, according to the desensitizing agent used, with n=10 for each one. The bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide, divided according to the desensitizing agent used prior to the bleaching procedure Placebo (PL); Desensibilize KF with potassium nitrate and 0.2% sodium fluoride (PN); and Oxa-Gel with potassium oxalate (PO). The level of color saturation was assessed at the beginning of treatment and after 1 week of its completion by means of comparative method with the aid of a color scale. The degree of sensitivity (DS) was noted by the subjects with the aid of a visual scale throughout the time that the bleaching agent remained in contact with the teeth (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes) as well as 1, 24 and 48 hours after the end of application. Pain and the degree of color saturation were evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test.