https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk-3008348-hydrochloride.html inoperable in the past, we think that with adequate experience radical urinary interventions performed in suitable patients can be carried out with acceptable morbidity and mortality as seen in our series. Antibiotic resistance plays a crucial role in the treatment failure of infection. This study aimed to determine the trend of changes in the primary, secondary and tertiary antibiotic resistance of in Taiwan over the last 7 years. We retrospectively analysed -infected isolates from patients with primary resistance (  = 1369), secondary resistance (  = 196) and tertiary resistance (  = 184) from January 2013 to December 2019. The strains were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole and tetracycline using the Epsilometer test method. A progressively higher primary resistance rate was observed for clarithromycin (11.8-20.4%,  = 0.039 in χ test for linear trend), levofloxacin (17.3-38.8%,  < 0.001) and metronidazole (25.6-42.3%,  < 0.001) among naïve patients who received first-line eradication therapy. The dual primary resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole also progressively increased in a linear trend (2.4-10.4%,  = 0.009)susceptibility. Hepatectomy is one potential treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Recurrent rate is high after curative resection and most recurrences occur within residual liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of different treatment modalities on recurrent diseases in patients with IHCC after primary liver resection. Between February 1999 and December 2015, we retrospectively identified patients who received curative resection for IHCC. Patients who experienced recurrences were included. Locoregional therapies included re-hepatectomy, radiofrequent ablation, and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization. These patients were categorized into three groups intrahepatic recurrence withou