Therefore, she underwent seven sessions of plasma exchange with little effects on muscle strength. The focal inflammation and injury of the spinal cord, otherwise known as transverse myelitis, have a wide array of potential etiologies. Transverse myelitis has been well documented to be the result of viral and bacterial infections.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bupivacaine.html  We believe our patient was not involved in a cytokine storm status due to good CRP, IL-6 and Ferritin levels. Albeit, we cannot certainly consider the patient to have a direct viral impactor involved in a late immunity process. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TM in the field of pediatrics occurred after COVID-19. Thus, this is critical to note that children can present with some severe types of COVID-19.The laminin α2 subunit is a protein encoded by the laminin α2 gene(LAMA2) which has the role of adhesion (attachment of cells to one another). Genetics consideration showed that mutation in LAMA2 caused a collection of muscle-wasting conditions called muscular dystrophy. This disorder causes disconnection of muscular cells and degeneration of the musculoskeletal system. In this study, we defined the molecular consideration of three patients with laminin α2 deficiency by clinical presentations of congenital muscular dystrophy. In this regard, 65 exons of the LAMA2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification and next generation sequencing (NGS) were carried out for all the patients. Because of NGS negativity, gene sequencing was performed. Results of searching for rearrangements of the LAMA2 gene enabled us to recognize homozygous pathogenic mutations c.2049_c.2050del, c.7156-2A>G, and c,1303C>T. These mutations produce an out-of-frame transcript that will be degraded by nonsense mediated decay. Therefore, we think these changes are pathogenic ones.PEX11β ([OMIM] 614920) mutation causes an extremely rare subgroup of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, with only six cases reported to date. In this article, we reported a patient with episodic migraine-like attacks, delirium, mood and behavior change, polyneuropathy, and history of congenital cataract. Whole exome sequencing showed novel c.743_744delTCinsA mutation in the exon 4 of the PEX11β gene. In contrast to previously reported patients, our case presented milder features and extended the spectrum of the clinical phenotype of this mutation. This study helps to extend the phenotype of this syndrome; besides, recognizing novel mutation variants will provide a better genotype-phenotype correlation and improve clinical clues.
  Autism is a type of neurodegenerative disorder, caused by genetic and environmental factors. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have symptoms of attention deficit and behavioral problems. Child's sleep pattern has a significant effect on mood. Sleep problems are more common in children with ASD. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of non-pharmacological approaches on the improvement of sleep disturbances in patients with ASD.
 
  We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct to identify relevant articles published from January 2009 to May 2019. All original articles from observational and interventional studies were reviewed. The CONSORT Statement and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(STROBE) checklist were used to assess the quality of selected papers.
 
  Reviewing 18 eligible articles according to the CONSORT checklist(for interventional studies) and STROBE (for descriptive studies) demonstrated that behavioral interventions, such as cognitivebehavioral therapy, bedtime fading with response cost, and functional behavioral assessment, physical activity such as aerobic exercise, swimming, and aquatic exercise and weighted blankets can improve sleep disturbances.
 
  Restlessness, tantrums, increased stereotypic activities, and reducedlearning level and speaking power in children with autism were. caused by poor sleep quality and sleep deficiency, which may affect other dimensions of life. Non- pharmacological approaches to sleep disturbances could improve both sleep quality and quality of life of children with ASD with no adverse effect.
 Restlessness, tantrums, increased stereotypic activities, and reducedlearning level and speaking power in children with autism were. caused by poor sleep quality and sleep deficiency, which may affect other dimensions of life. Non- pharmacological approaches to sleep disturbances could improve both sleep quality and quality of life of children with ASD with no adverse effect.
  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. A major problem of ASD is speech perception impairment in the presence of background noise. Additionally, researchers have reported temporal auditory processing impairment in patients with ASD. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a temporal-based training program on improvement of speech perception in the presence of noise using the speech auditory brainstem response (sABR).
 
  Twenty-eight adolescents with high functional ASD with the mean age of 14.35±1.86 years were randomly selected and divided into an ASD group (11 males and three females) and a control group (13 males and one female). All the subjects had a normal hearing and intelligence threshold and had no history of neurological disorder.A speech perception test was performed in signal-to-noise ratios of 0 and +10. The intervention group received a temporal processingbased auditory training program, and the control group received a conventional training program. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
 
  After training, speech perception in the presence of noise was significantly higher (P <0.001) and the latency of all sABR waves was lower in the intervention group compared to the control group.
 
  Improvement of speech perception in noisy environments and the reduced latency of sABR waves following a temporal processingbased training program highlight the role of brainstem neural plasticity in speech processing.
 Improvement of speech perception in noisy environments and the reduced latency of sABR waves following a temporal processingbased training program highlight the role of brainstem neural plasticity in speech processing.