Strong antiferromagnetic correlations are only found along the b-axis, and our results hence unify the pictures seen by neutron scattering and macroscopic physical property measurements.Simulations on Bloch surface waves and Bloch surface wave-exciton-polaritons based on the transfer matrix method were performed using only the layer thicknesses and refractive indices of the materials.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Thiazovivin.html  We demonstrate that the incorporation of the influence of active layer is necessary to accurately determine the Bloch surface wave dispersion. Furthermore, the mode splitting that gives rise to the lower and upper polariton branches can be simulated by including the full dispersive refractive index of the active layer in the transfer matrix calculation. We show the dependence of coupling strength on active layer and truncation layer thicknesses, which implies that the Bloch surface wave-exciton interaction strength can be tuned just by changing these structural parameters. Furthermore, we calculate the area inside the dips corresponding to the lower and upper polariton modes, which can serve as an indicator of mode visibility. We find that in the Kretschmann-Raether configuration, a tradeoff between high Rabi splitting and good mode visibility must be taken into account in designing multilayer structures for Bloch surface wave-exciton-polaritons. Angle-resolved reflectivity maps were also calculated to illustrate how these results can be observed in an experimental set-up. This work serves as a guide map in the design and potential optimization of multilayer structures for the study of two-dimensional polaritonic systems.We propose a thermodynamic model to the study the antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transitions in antiferroelectric-ferroelectric (AFE-FE) superlattices in which the coupling at the interface between two layers is mediated by local polarizations. Phase diagram of the AFE layer in term of the degree of interfacial effect λ and temperature T involving ferrielectric (FI) and ferroelectric (FE) phases is investigated. These two phases are stabilized by the interfacial effect and internal electric field. AFE thickness LAFE versus T phase diagram is also constructed. Intermediate regions of two-phase coexistence (IM) emerge in the λ-T and LAFE-T phase diagrams, if certain interface properties λ and layer thickness LAFE criteria are met. These IM regions are metastable states, which exist as a transition state between two phases. A tricritical point locates at the boundaries across the FI, IM and FE phases is found in the LAFE-T phase diagram. Competition among the internal electric field due to the electrostatic coupling, the FE ordering arises from the interfacial effect and the antiferroelectric ordering within the AFE layer giving rises to the rich AFE phase diagram.Wound dressings play an indispensable role in wound healing. However, traditional wound dressings have several disadvantages, such as poor mechanical properties and small pore diameters, which do not allow sufficient gas exchange. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper reports a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel physically crosslinked at -20 °C and containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and nanohydroxyapatite (HAP). The physical and chemical properties of the hydrogels formed by different stirring methods (stirring with a glass rod or a hand-held homogenizer) were compared. The average roughness of Gel 1 (prepared using a hand-held homogenizer) is 112.6 nm, which is much lower than the average surface roughness of Gel 2 (1222 nm, prepared using a glass rod). Moreover, the hydrogel made by the unconventional mixing method (with a homogenizer) showed better performance, including a more interconnected open-pore microstructure and better mechanical properties. Finally, a full-thickness skin defect test was performed. The experimental results demonstrated that the hydrogel has considerable potential for applications in wound dressings.A step-like conductance as a function of the Fermi energy is theoretically predicted for a junction made of silicene, in which the energy gap in the junction can be controlled by a perpendicular electric field. When the electric field is applied at the central area of the junction, the transmission probability of an electron becomes partially suppressed and the calculated conductance behaves a step-like function of the Fermi energy. Origins of the step-like conductance are (1) formation of a standing-wave of electron, (2) changing number of transport channel, and (3) a rotation of out-of-plane pseudospin of the electron in silicene. We analytically show that the transmission probability of the electron through the junction depends on the direction of the pseudospin, in which the large rotation results in vanishing conductance. When we switch-off the electric field, on the other hand, the pseudospin does not change the direction, which gives a finite conductance. Thus a switching device can be realized in the silicene pseudospin junction.We study the dynamics of a non-magnetic impurity interacting with the surface states of a 3D and 2D topological insulator (TI). Employing the linked cluster technique we develop a formalism for obtaining the Green's function of the mobile impurity interacting with the low-energy Dirac fermions. We show that for the non-recoil case in 2D, the Green's function in the long-time limit has a power-law decay in time implying the breakdown of the quasiparticle description of the impurity. The spectral function in turn exhibits a weak power-law singularity. In the recoil case, however, the reduced phase-space for scattering processes implies a non-zero quasiparticle weight and the presence of a coherent part in the spectral function. Performing a weak coupling analysis we nd that the mobility of the impurity reveals a $T^-3/2$ divergence at low temperatures. In addition, we show that the Green's function of an impurity interacting with the helical edge modes (surface states of 2D TI) exhibit power-law decay in the long-time limit for both the non-recoil and recoil case (with low impurity momentum), indicating the break down of the quasiparticle picture. However, for impurity with high momentum, the quasiparticle picture is restored. The mobility of the heavy impurity interacting with the helical edge modes exhibits unusual behaviour. It has an exponential divergence at low temperatures which can be tuned to a power-law divergence ($T^-4$) by the application of the magnetic field.