https://www.selleckchem.com/products/protac-tubulin-degrader-1.html The alternation of resorption of preexisting bone by the osteoclasts followed by de novo bone formation by osteoblasts is called bone modeling during childhood and bone remodeling during adulthood. A central question raised by this physiological process that is fundamental to longitudinal growth during childhood and adolescence and that is attacked at the other end of life in the context of osteoporosis is to know how it is regulated. This question was rejuvenated in the late 1990s and early 2000s years when the application of mouse genetics made it feasible to test whether there were new endocrine determinants of bone (re)modeling. Addressing this question, taking into account fundamental cell biology features of bone led to the hypothesis that there should be a coordinated control of bone growth/mass, energy metabolism, and reproduction. Testing genetically and molecularly, this hypothesis revealed that, in vivo, the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a powerful inhibitor of bone mass accrual following its signaling in the brain. This chapter details the molecular bases and biological relevance of this regulation of bone mass accrual by leptin.The tendency of edifenphos (EDF) species toward boron carbide nanotube (BC3NT) was investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations with perfect and defected forms. It was found that perfect BC3NT tube is not capable to adsorb the EDF molecules appropriately. Introducing defects in BC3NT lattice resulted in a noticeable enhancement of interaction with EDF providing the adsorption energy of - 25.66 kcal/mol. It was predicted that the conductivity of complex formed of single vacancy BC3NT tube, SV-BC3NT, and EDF complexes is enhanced by 91.37 times compared with BC3NT tube with no defects. As the solvent dielectric constant increases, a significant change in adsorption energy was reported while slighter variation was observed at dielectric co