The effects of biochar application combined with different forms and rates of inorganic nitrogen (N) addition on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from forest soils have not been well documented. A microcosm experiment was conducted to study the effects of rice husk and its biochar in combination with the addition of N fertilizers in different forms (ammonium [NH4+] and nitrate [NO3-]) and rates (equivalent to 150 and 300 kg N ha-1 yr-1) on N2O emissions from Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) soils. The application of rice husk significantly increased cumulative N2O emissions under the addition of both NO3--N and NH4+-N. Biochar significantly reduced cumulative N2O emissions by 15.2 and 5.8 μg N kg-1 when co-applied with the low and high rates of NO3--N, respectively, compared with the respective NO3--N addition rate without biochar. There was no significant difference in soil N2O emissions between the two NH4+-N addition rates, and cumulative N2O emission decreased with increasing soil NH4+-N concentration, mainly due to the toxic effect caused by the excessive NH4+-N on soil N2O production from the nitrification process. Cumulative N2O emissions recorded 18.74 and 14.04 μg N kg-1 under low and high rates of NO3--N addition, respectively, which were higher than those produced by NH4+-N addition. Our study demonstrated that the conversion of rice husk to biochar could reduce N2O emissions under the addition of different N forms and rates. Moreover, rice husk or its biochar in combination with NH4+-N fertilizer produced less N2O in Lei bamboo soil, compared with NO3--N fertilizer.
  Continuous capnography should be used on patients admitted to post-anaesthesia care units (PACUs) with endotracheal tubes, but this monitoring is not always performed. Optimized ventilation in the PACU could be part of the global standards of practice to maintain the benefits of perioperative ventilation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/danirixin.html  The main objective was to study the rate of patients with alveolar hypoventilation before tracheal extubation or Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) removal upon the measurement of continuous capnography.
 
  In this prospective, parallel-group, randomized controlled study, we enrolled adult patients admitted to the PACU after general anaesthesia with an endotracheal tube or LMA in place. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups in the Capno + group, nurses managed the patients with access to the capnometer and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO
  ) measurements; in the Capno- group, nurses monitored the patients without seeing PETCO
  measurements. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with Pention during recovery from general anaesthesia. This study suggests that this monitoring should be integrated in the PACU. The risk of hypoxemia can also be prevented through the early recognition of apnoea.Clinical Trial registry clinicaltrial.gov. identifier NCT03370081.
  Cardiac surgery and contrast media are both related to acute kidney injury. We investigated whether undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography, which uses less contrast medium, before on-pump cardiac surgery could reduce the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury compared to coronary angiography.
 
  In this retrospective study, 745 and 171 patients underwent coronary angiography and coronary computed tomography angiography, respectively, within 30days before on-pump cardiac surgery. Postoperative acute kidney injury was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Definition and Staging criteria.
 
  Age, hypertension, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and performing cardiac surgery within 24h of preoperative angiography (odds ratio 1.507, 95% confidence interval 1.111‒2.045, P = 0.008) independently predicted postoperative acute kidney injury on multivariable analysis. After propensity score matching, the acute kidney injury incidence in coronary angiography and computed tomography angiography groups was 43% and 46%, respectively (P = 0.65), and the groups had similar intensive care unit stay (2days vs. 2days, P = 0.209), postoperative hospital stay (11days vs. 12days, P = 0.084), postoperative continuous renal replacement therapy use (0.6% vs 1.9%, P = 0.314), and in-hospital mortality (0 vs. 1.3%, P = 0.156). In-hospital outcomes were similar among patients who underwent preoperative coronary angiography or computed tomography angiography within 24h before cardiac surgery.
 
  Although coronary computed tomography angiography uses less contrast medium, it does not reduce the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury or improve in-hospital outcomes compared to coronary angiography.
 Although coronary computed tomography angiography uses less contrast medium, it does not reduce the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury or improve in-hospital outcomes compared to coronary angiography.
  Surgical treatment for patients who refuse blood transfusion due to religious beliefs is an important issue related to medical safety. Few reports have examined pulmonary surgery for these patients, and we analyzed clinical characteristics in such cases.
 
  Ten Jehovah's Witness (JW) patients with lung tumor resection who declined blood transfusion for religious reasons between December 2013 and February 2020 at the Fukushima Medical University Hospital were included. Median total intraoperative blood loss was 17.5mL (range 5-150mL). Fibrin glue was used intraoperatively for 8 patients. Final pathological examination revealed pulmonary adenocarcinoma in 9 cases and metastasis of bladder cancer in 1 case. In 8 patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma examined for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, 6 cases showed mutation. No patients had serious complications, but 1 patient displayed temporary anemia due to postoperative hemorrhagic gastrointestinal ulcer.
 
  Our findings confirm that pulmonaates, should be carefully discussed and clarified. In this study, the EGFR gene mutation rate was higher than usual for cases of lung adenocarcinoma. Further studies are necessary to assess clinical features in JW patients with lung cancer.
  Many neuromotor conditions affect children from a young age through to adulthood, impacting their quality of life (QOL). For QOL to be accurately measured in these children, pediatric QOL must first be conceptualized. Some theoretical models and definitions have been proposed to understand QOL, but they were not developed for the pediatric population. The purpose of this review is to build on existing frameworks of QOL and develop a framework and definition of pediatric QOL for measurement purposes, by integrating the findings of multiple qualitative studies involving children and adolescents with physical disabilities.
 
  A systematic search was conducted on four databases. Inclusion criteria were qualitative studies with participants with common neurological and neuromuscular conditions. The content of studies had to involve the lived experiences of children and adolescents with disabilities. Thematic synthesis was conducted.
 
  48 studies were included. Results generated a schema of the causes and the mitigators of QOL.