pinnatifidum and L. culinaris subsp. orientalis. In recent studies, Klebsiella sp., which is stated to be able to nodulate different species, strong evidences have been obtained in present study exhibiting that Klebsiella sp. can nodulate C. pinnatifidum and Pseudomonas sp. was able to nodulate C. pinnatifidum and P. sativum subsp. Additionally, L. culinaris subsp. orientalis unlike other plant species, was nodulated by Burkholderia sp. and Serratia sp. associated isolates. Some isolates could not be characterized at the species level since the 16S rRNA sequence similarity rate was low and the fact that they were in a separate group supported with high bootstrap values in the phylogenetic tree may indicate that these isolates could be new species. The REP-PCR fingerprinting provided results supporting the existence of new species nodulating wild ancestors. Hip fracture is a common health risk among elderly people, due to the prevalence of osteoporosis and accidental fall in the population. Accurate assessment of fracture risk is a crucial step for clinicians to consider patient-by-patient optimal treatments for effective prevention of fractures. Image-based biomechanical modeling has shown promising progress in assessment of fracture risk, and there is still a great possibility for improvement. The purpose of this paper is to identify key issues that need be addressed to improve image-based biomechanical modeling. We critically examined issues in consideration and determination of the four biomechanical variables, i.e., risk of fall, fall-induced impact force, bone geometry and bone material quality, which are essential for prediction of hip fracture risk. We closely inspected limitations introduced by assumptions that are adopted in existing models; deficiencies in methods for construction of biomechanical models, especially for determination of bone material properties from bone images; problems caused by separate use of the variables in clinical study of hip fracture risk; availability of clinical information that are required for validation of biomechanical models. A number of critical issues and gaps were identified. Strategies for effectively addressing the issues were discussed. A number of critical issues and gaps were identified. Strategies for effectively addressing the issues were discussed.Fermentation of banana stems is a novel method for increasing the digestibility of fibrous porcine rations in the tropics; however, optimal feeding rates have not been determined. An experiment was carried out to determine the response of digestibility, growth performance, and carcass quality in local Kandol pigs to incremental levels of FBS in rations. A total of 20 castrated male pigs were randomly allocated to five diets, containing 0, 400, 500, 600, and 700 g FBS of the ration. Daily feed on offer was provided as 4% of the body weight on a dry matter basis and offered three times per day. As result, the inclusion level of FBS was positively correlated with NR (p  0.05). The economic benefit of using FBS to improve pig diets will depend on the availability of banana stems and the labor and processing costs. The aim of this study was to compare alignment parameters between patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and non-arthritic controls. Pre-operative computed tomography images from 194 patients undergoing HTO for medial knee OA and 118 non-arthritic controls were utilized. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/amenamevir.html All patients had varus knee alignment (mean age 57 ± 11years; 45% female). The hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and non-weight-bearing joint line convergence angle (nwJLCA) were compared between "control group" and "HTO group". Femoral and tibial phenotypes were also assessed and compared between groups. Variables found on univariate analysis to be different between the groups were entered into a binary logistic regression model. The mean age was lower (Δ = 4 ± 6years, p = 0.024), body mass index (BMI) was higher (Δ = 1.1 ± 2.8kg/m , p = 0.032) and there were more females (Δ = 14%, p = 0.020) in the HTO group. The HTO group had more overall varus (7° ± 4.7° vs 4.8° ± 1.3°, p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the mean mLDFA between the two groups with the HTO group having more femoral varus (88.7 ± 3.2° vs 87.3 ± 1.8°, p < 0.001). MPTA was similar between the groups (p = 0.881). Age was found to be a strong determinant for femoral varus (p = 0.03). Patients undergoing HTO for medial knee OA have more femoral varus compared to non-arthritic controls while tibial morphology was similar. This will be an important consideration in pre-operating planning for realignment osteotomy in patients presenting with medial knee OA and warrants further investigation. III, retrospective comparative study. III, retrospective comparative study. To examine cardiovascular responses to medical (MED) and fire (FIRE) alarm tones in firefighters. Heart rate was collected throughout 24-h shifts (N = 41). Call logs were utilized post hoc to identify heart rate at the time the alarm sounded (TIME ), peak heart rate following the alarm (TIME ), and heart rate at the time of station departure (TIME ) for MED and FIRE calls. A 2X3 (TONE x TIME) split-plot mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant differences tests examined the influence of tone type on heart rate, expressed as a percent of age estimated maximum. Bivariate Pearson correlations examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and TIME and TIME . An alpha of 0.05 determined statistical significance and Bonferroni Corrections were applied to post hoc comparisons (p < 0.017). Follow-up analyses for the significant 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA (p = 0.035) indicated differences in heart rate for MED (p < 0.001) and FIRE (p < 0.001) where TIME  < TIME , TIME  < TIME , and TIME  > TIME . There was a non-significant simple effect of time for MED and FIRE at TIME (p = 0.259), but significant effects of tone type where FIRE > MED at TIME (p < 0.001) and TIME (p = 0.002). There was a significant small positive relationship between BMI and TIME (p = 0.002) and TIME (p < 0.001) for MED only. Alarms increased heart rates to a greater extent in FIRE than MED calls. Higher BMI was related to greater heart rate responses in MED but was unrelated to FIRE response. Alarms increased heart rates to a greater extent in FIRE than MED calls. Higher BMI was related to greater heart rate responses in MED but was unrelated to FIRE response.