To assess the incidence of ocular hypertension (OHTN) following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) versus deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) corneal transplant surgeries, and to assess the impact of indication for transplantation versus surgery type on OHTN development. A retrospective study of 76 eyes of 76 patients who underwent PKP or DALK between 1 January 2009 and 1 September 2014. Data included preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), indication and type of surgery, post-surgical IOP at 1 to 5, 14 to 21 days, 3, 6 months, 1 year and at the last follow up. Primary outcome was post-operative OHTN (defined as IOP >21 mm Hg). A total of 13 patients (17.1%) developed OHTN of whom 9 (20.45%) underwent PKP and 4 (12.5%) DALK ( = 0.33). OHTN occurred after an average of 16.46 ± 8.47 months (0.1-58 months). Twenty-one keratoconus patients (39.62%) underwent PKP and 32 (60.37%) underwent DALK. Patients with indications other than keratoconus all underwent PKP. Keratoconus patients were less likely to develop OHTN (9.43% vs 34.78%, = 0.02). Among patients developing OHTN, mean age of the non-keratoconus group was significantly higher (63.25±16.7 vs 33 ± 10, = 0.01). No significant difference in OHTN among keratoconus patients undergoing DALK versus PKP (12.5% vs 4.76%, respectively, = 0.35) was found. PKP was associated with less OHTN in keratoconus eyes (4.76% vs 34.78%, = 0.02). Patients who underwent keratoplasty due to keratoconus are at a lower risk to develop OHTN than those who underwent surgery for other indications. Patients who underwent keratoplasty due to keratoconus are at a lower risk to develop OHTN than those who underwent surgery for other indications.Iatrogenic atrial septal defect is an issue after percutaneous interventions for structural heart disease. A 63-year-old man, who had previously received 5 catheter ablations for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, was found to have an iatrogenic atrial septal defect that persisted after the fourth intervention. Approximately 4 years later, he suffered exertional dyspnea. Pulmonary hypertension was caused by a left-to-right shunt via a large iatrogenic atrial septal defect. We performed surgical closure and the symptom improved. The timing of treatment for persistent iatrogenic atrial septal defect is difficult to determine, but preferable before the appearance of right ventricular dysfunction or embolism. Treatment of complications due to pulmonary infections usually involves lung resection with or without debridement. Managing residual intrathoracic defects, chronic empyema, and bronchopleural fistulae after such resections poses unique challenges. We retrospectively reviewed the data of all 9 patients referred to us with complications due to pulmonary infections, including the surgical procedures, flaps used, and their outcomes between 2018 and 2019. The mean age of the patients was 30 years (range 9?48 years). The primary disease was tuberculosis in 6 (66%) patients. Complications of primary infections were pneumothorax (  = 3), auto-pneumonectomy (  = 2), organized empyema (  = 3), and recurrent hemoptysis (  = 1). Initial interventions included lobectomy (  = 2), tracheoesophageal repair (  = 1), bronchial artery embolization (  = 1), intercostal tube drainage (  = 4), and decortication(  = 1). Complications after primary interventions included bronchopleural fistula (  = 4, 45%), recurrent empyema (  = 3, 33%), tracheal stump dehiscence (  = 1, 11%) and non-resolving hemoptysis (  = 1, 11%). Pathological microorganisms were isolated in 8 (88%) patients. Secondary corrective surgical interventions along with pedicled muscle flap interposition and reinforcement were undertaken. Nine flap procedures with or without thoracoplasty were performed. There was no open thoracostomy conversion. https://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html There was one death postoperatively. A locoregional pedicled flap with or without thoracoplasty is an effective option to manage complications of pulmonary infections. The cardiothoracic surgeon should have a knowledge of the locoregional flaps of the thorax and abdomen to address such complications. A locoregional pedicled flap with or without thoracoplasty is an effective option to manage complications of pulmonary infections. The cardiothoracic surgeon should have a knowledge of the locoregional flaps of the thorax and abdomen to address such complications. A hyper-intense vessel sign on fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (FHV) represents slow blood flow in the cerebral arteries. To investigate the relationship between the proximal FHV (pFHV) on initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the status of the culprit vessel (stenosis, obstruction) in hyper-acute strokes affecting the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The study participants consisted of 105 patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute MCA infarction within 4.5 h of onset of symptoms. Patients underwent brain MRI within 45 min of arrival at the ED and angiography within 2 h of arrival. Culprit vessel status and presence of a pFHV on initial MRI were investigated retrospectively. The pFHV was observed in 71/105 (67.6%) patients who presented with a hyper-acute MCA infarction. All patients with hyper-acute MCA infarction caused by internal carotid artery (90.6% caused by M1 occlusion, 92.9% caused by M2 occlusion) showed a pFHV on initial MRI. After logistic regression analysis, the presence of a pFHV showed significant positive correlation with large vessel occlusion (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 34.533, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.781-121.926;  < 0.001). A pFHV was not associated with severe large vessel stenosis. A pFHV is independently representative of the acute occlusion of intervention-eligible proximal arteries within the territory of the MCA. If a patient with a hyper-acute MCA infarction shows a pFHV, aggressive flow augmentation strategies and early activation of intervention team should be warranted for best patient outcome. A pFHV is independently representative of the acute occlusion of intervention-eligible proximal arteries within the territory of the MCA. If a patient with a hyper-acute MCA infarction shows a pFHV, aggressive flow augmentation strategies and early activation of intervention team should be warranted for best patient outcome.