8% capacity retention at 1 C and deliver a specific capacity of 80 mAh g-1 at 10 C, respectively. This work would shed light on the design of advanced current collectors with SEI modulation to upgrade lithium anodes.CBD-2115 was selected from a library of 148 compounds based on a pyridinyl-indole scaffold as a first-in-class 4R-tau radiotracer. In vitro binding assays showed [3H]CBD-2115 had a KD value of 6.9 nM and a nominal Bmax of 500 nM in 4R-tau expressing P301L transgenic mouse tissue. In binding assays with human brain tissue homogenates, [3H]CBD-2115 has a higher affinity (4.9 nM) for progressive supranuclear palsy specific 4R-tau deposits than [3H]flortaucipir (45 nM) or [3H]MK-6240 (>50 nM). [18F]CBD-2115 was reliably synthesized (3-11% radiochemical yield with molar activity of 27-111 GBq/μmol and >97% radiochemical purity). Dynamic PET imaging was conducted in mice, rats, and nonhuman primates, and all species showed initial brain uptake of 0.5-0.65 standardized uptake value with fast clearance from normal tissues.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/U0126.html  [3H]CBD-2115 could be a useful lead radioligand for further research in 4R-tauopathies, and PET radiotracer development will focus on improving brain uptake and binding affinity.Arsenic (As) contamination in soils is of great concerns due to its toxicity to plants. As an analogue, phosphorus plays an important role in protecting plants from As toxicity. In this study, we identified a new phosphate transporter 2 (PHT2), PvPht2;1, from As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata and analyzed its functions in As and P transport in a yeast mutant, and model plant Arabidopsis thalian. PvPht2;1 contained 12 transmembrane domains, sharing high identity with PHT2 genes in diverse plants. Further, independent of external P or As levels, PvPht2;1 was mainly expressed in P. vittata fronds with the expression being 3-4 folds higher than that in the roots and rhizomes. Localized to the chloroplasts based on GFP-fused PvPht2;1 in model plant tobacco, PvPht2;1 functioned as a low-affinity P transporter. Under As exposure, PvPht2;1 yeast transformants showed comparable growth with the control while high-affinity P transporter PvPht1;3 transformants showed better growth, suggesting that PvPht2;1 transported P but slower than PvPht1;3 transporter. Expressing PvPht2;1 in A. thaliana increased its shoot P concentration without influencing its As accumulation. Further, the chloroplasts' P content in transgenic A. thaliana increased by 37-59% than wild-type (WT) plants. Under As exposure, the photosynthesis of PvPht2;1-expressing A. thaliana remained stable but that of WT plants decreased. The data indicate that, under As stress, expressing PvPht2;1 in A. thaliana enhanced its P transport to the chloroplasts and protected its photosynthesis. In short, highly expressed in the fronds and not impacted by As exposure, chloroplast-located PvPht2;1 may have protected As-hyperaccumulator P. vittata from As toxicity by efficiently transporting only P to its chloroplasts.Lithium (Li) production based on the soda evaporation process is time-consuming and unsustainable. The emerging electrochemical Li extraction is time-efficient but requires high-concentration Li sources and significant electrical energy input. Here, we demonstrate a fast, energy-saving, and environment-friendly Li production process by coupling a thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC) using lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) electrodes with poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane-based thermo-osmosis (denoted as TO-TREC). The characterization of LMO and NiHCF electrodes confirmed that the relatively high temperature of TO-TREC has negligible adverse effects on the ion intercalation in LMO and NiHCF electrodes. The LMO/NiHCF pair has a positive temperature coefficient of 0.843 mV K-1. In the TO-TREC process, Li ions are selectively extracted from a Li-containing brine warmed by low-grade heat and then released into a room-temperature recovery solution such as LiCl with a production rate of 50-60 mmol Li+ m-2 h-1. Li source solutions are concentrated by thermo-osmosis simultaneously, making it possible to utilize previously unusable Li-containing sources, such as concentrated brines from desalination plants and industrial effluents. Besides, the TREC harvests thermal energy from the heated brine, saving >20% of electrical energy compared to conventional electrochemical methods. The new process shows the potential to meet the growing global Li demands for many applications.Prion diseases arise when PrPSc, an aggregated, infectious, and insoluble conformer of the normally soluble mammalian prion protein, PrPC, catalyzes the conversion of PrPC into more PrPSc, which then accumulates in the brain leading to disease. PrPSc is the primary, if not sole, component of the infectious prion. Despite the stability and protease insensitivity of PrPSc aggregates, they can be degraded after cellular uptake. However, how cells disassemble and degrade PrPSc is poorly understood. In this work, we analyzed how the protease sensitivity and size distribution of PrPSc aggregates from two different mouse-adapted prion strains, 22L, that can persistently infect cells and 87V, that cannot, changed during cellular uptake. We show that within the first 4 h following uptake large PrPSc aggregates from both prion strains become less resistant to digestion by proteinase K (PK) through a mechanism that is dependent upon the acidic environment of endocytic vesicles. We further show that during disassembly, PrPSc aggregates from both strains become more resistant to PK digestion through the apparent removal of protease-sensitive PrPSc, with PrPSc from the 87V strain disassembled more readily than PrPSc from the 22L strain. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the sizes and stabilities of PrPSc from different prion strains change during cellular uptake and degradation, thereby potentially impacting the ability of prions to infect cells.In recent years, the development of nanopore-based membranes has revitalized the prospect of harvesting salinity gradient (blue) energy. In this study, we systematically analyze the energetic performance of nanopore-based power generation (NPG) at various process scales, beginning with a single nanopore, followed by a multipore membrane coupon, and ending with a full-scale system. We confirm the high power densities attainable by a single nanopore and demonstrate that, at the coupon scale and above, concentration polarization severely hinders the power density of NPG, revealing the common, yet significant, error in linearly extrapolating single-pore performance to multipore membranes. Through our consideration of concentration polarization, we also importantly show that the development of materials with exceptional nanopore properties provides limited enhancement of practical process performance. For a full-scale NPG membrane module, we find an inherent tradeoff between power density and thermodynamic energy efficiency, whereby achieving a high power density sacrifices the energy efficiency.