This approach could be considered in patients with incidental, impalpable testicular masses of ≤5 mm in diameter displaying no significant size increase or internal vascularity on US and with negative tumour markers, as the probability of malignancy in these patients is low.Objective To assess the long-term outcomes after pyeloplasty for pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) associated with renal anomalies. Patients and methods Data were collected for patients after pyeloplasty for PUJO associated with renal anomalies and analysed retrospectively. Long-term functional success was evaluated by comparing the renographic split renal function (SRF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at last follow-up with baseline values. A change of 5% in SRF was considered significant. Factors affecting functional outcome were assessed. The outcomes were compared to an age, sex and renal function matched group with PUJO in otherwise normal kidneys (Group 2) to evaluate the pattern of difference in functional recoverability in both groups. This was assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results The study initially included 70 adult patients, with a mean age of 31.8 years. At a median of 44 months, 55 patients completed follow-up (Group 1) and no statistically significant changes in GFR (P = 0.7) and SRF (P = 0.06) were found. In all, 17, four and 34 patients showed a decrease, increase and static SRF (functional success rate was 69%). Higher preoperative SRF (P = 0.02) and Anderson-Hynes (A-H) pyeloplasty (P = 0.003) were associated with functional preservation. In the comparison with the other matched group (Group 2), the patients in Group 2 had better functional recoverability after pyeloplasty than patients with associated anomalies [GFR (P = 0.001), SRF (P = 0.002) and functional success (P = 0.001)]. Conclusion Functional preservation after pyeloplasty in associated renal anomalies could be achieved in 69% of patients, which was significantly lower than those with otherwise normal kidneys. A-H pyeloplasty and higher preoperative SRF were associated with better functional outcomes. Abbreviations A-H Anderson-Hynes; HSK horseshoe kidneys; OR odds ratio; PUJO PUJ obstruction; SRF split renal function; T1/2, half-time.
  To evaluate the correlation between maternal age and anogenital distance (AGD) in patients with hypospadias.
 
  A total of 82 participants were divided into two groups, Group 1 included 52 male children with different types of primary hypospadias and Group 2 included 30 normal controls. In both groups, child age and weight, maternal age, and AGD were recorded. In Group 1, the Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft score was used to categorise the patients into mild (score 3-6), moderate (score 7-9) and severe (score 10-12) hypospadias.
 
  Both groups were similar for maternal age, child age and child weight (
  =0.308, 
  =0.283 and 
  =0.664, respectively). The mean (SD) AGD was 4.64 (1.23) and 5.33 (1.01) cm for groups 1 and 2, respectively (
  =0.011). Patients in Group 1 were subdivided regarding severity of hypospadias into mild (40.4%), moderate (38.5%) and severe (21.1%). There was a significant relationship between older maternal age and short AGD in both groups (
  <0.001 for Group 1 and 
  =0.001 for Group 2). In Group 1, there was a significant correlation between both short AGD and older maternal age, and severe hypospadias (both 
  <0.001). Maternal age of ≥34years significantly predicted a severe hypospadias score (10-12) (sensitivity 100% and specificity 68.3%).
 
  Older maternal age is associated with a shorter AGD in patients with hypospadias and controls. Maternal age of ≥34years is significantly correlated with patients with severe hypospadias.
 Older maternal age is associated with a shorter AGD in patients with hypospadias and controls. Maternal age of ≥34 years is significantly correlated with patients with severe hypospadias.Objective To evaluate the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up after laparoscopic cryoablation (LCA) for small renal masses (SRMs), as there is an increasing interest in ablative therapy for cT1a renal tumours due to the rising incidence of SRMs, the trend towards minimally invasive nephron-sparing treatments, and the ageing population. Patients and methods Between 2004 and 2015, 233 consecutive LCA were performed in 219 patients for SRMs at two referral centres. We only included those patients with ≥5 years of follow-up (n = 165) in a prospectively maintained database. A descriptive analysis was conducted for pre-, peri- and postoperative characteristics. A Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of our patient cohort was 68 (60.5-76) years. The median (IQR) body mass index was 26.2 (23.8-29) kg/m2, and the median (IQR) Charlson Comorbidity Index score corrected for age was 4 (2.5-6). The median (IQR) tumour diameter was 28 (21-33) mm. In all, 15% developed a complication in the first 30 days after LCA, of which 1% had a major complication (Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥III). The median (IQR) preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 82.5 (65-93.75) mL/min/1.73 m2. The median eGFR decreased by 16.4% and 15.2% at the 3-month and 5-year follow-up, respectively. Persistence was found in 1%, local recurrence in 2%, and systemic progression in 4%. The OS, DSS, and RFS were 74%, 96.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Conclusion LCA is a safe and effective treatment for SRMs in selected cases and shows good oncological outcomes after 5 years of follow-up, with only 1% developing a major complication.
  To report on the surgical, oncological and early functional outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) at our tertiary care centre, as there is a scarcity of reports on outcomes of robotic surgery from the Middle East.
 
  We reviewed the electronic health records for patients undergoing RARP between 2013 and 2019 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. We collected patients' demographics and preoperative oncological factors including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical oncological stage, and World Health Organization (WHO) grade. PSA persistence, biochemical recurrence (BCR) and positive surgical margin (PSM) were reported. Complications were categorised by Clavien-Dindo grade.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/anidulafungin-ly303366.html  Moreover, the postoperative oncological outcomes including the rates of adjuvant and salvage androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT), chemotherapy, and metastasis were reported. Additionally continence and potency results were retrieved.
 
  For the designated period, 250 patients underwent RARP of which 182 (72.