BACKGROUND Donor-recipient oversizing based on predicted total lung capacity (pTLC) is associated with a reduced risk of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) following lung transplant but the effect varies with the recipient's diagnosis. Chest x-ray (CXR) measurements to estimate actual total lung capacity (TLC) could account for disease-related lung volume changes, but their role in size matching is unknown. METHODS We reviewed adult double lung transplant recipients 2007 - 2016 and measured apex-to-costophrenic-angle distance (=lung height) on pretransplant donor and recipient CXRs [oversized donor-recipient ratio > 1; undersized ≤ 1]. We tested the relationship between recipient lung height to actual TLC; between lung height ratio and donor/recipient characteristics; and between both lung height ratio or pTLC ratio and grade 3 PGD with logistic regression. RESULTS 206 patients were included and 32 (16%) developed grade 3 PGD at 48 or 72 hours. Recipient lung height was related to TLC (r 0.7297). Pulmonary diagnosis, donor BMI and recipient BMI were the major determinants of lung height ratio (AUC 0.9036). Lung height ratio oversizing was associated with increased risk of grade 3 PGD (OR 2.51 [95% CI 1.17 - 5.47]; p=0.0182) in this cohort, while pTLC ratio oversizing was not. CONCLUSIONS CXR lung height estimates actual TLC and reflects pulmonary diagnosis and body composition. Oversizing via CXR lung height ratio increased PGD risk moreso than pTLC-based oversizing in our cohort.Long-term safety of living kidney donation, especially for young donors, has become a real matter of concern in the transplant community and may contribute to creating resistance to LKD. In this context, the criteria that govern living donor donations must live up to very demanding standards as well as adjust to this novel reality. In a first part, we review the existing guidelines published after 2010 and critically examine their recommendations to see how they do not necessarily lead to consistent and universal practices in the choice of specific thresholds for a parameter used to accept or reject a living donor candidate. In a second part, we present the emergence of a new paradigm for living kidney donation developed in the 2017 KDIGO guidelines with the introduction of an integrative risk-based approach. Finally, we focus on predonation renal function evaluation, a criteria that remains central in the selection process, and discuss several issues surrounding donor candidate's GFR assessment.PURPOSE Muscle weakness, low lean body mass, and poor physical performance are prevalent among adult survivors of childhood cancer (survivors). We evaluated the feasibility and effects of resistance training with and without protein supplementation on lean body mass and muscle strength among survivors. METHODS This double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolled survivors aged ≥18 to less then 45 years. Participants were randomized to resistance training with protein supplement (21g whey protein/day, 90kcal) (RT+S) or resistance training with placebo (sucrose, 90kcal) (RT+P). Participants received educational materials, access to a local fitness center, and a tailored resistance training program with tapered supervision. Participant retention and adherence were used to evaluate feasibility. Lean body mass and muscle strength were assessed at baseline and 24-weeks, using dual x-ray absorptiometry, and dynamometer testing or 1-repetition maximum testing, respectively. Mean changes were compared with two-way analysis of variance.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pifithrin-alpha.html  RESULTS Of 70 participants randomized, 57 completed the 24-week intervention (24 in RT+S, 33 in RT+P). RT+S group completed 74.8% and RT+P group completed 67.0% of exercise sessions. Mean age for those who completed was 33.1 years (SD 7.0), 67% were white and 47% female. There were no differences in change in lean mass (RT+S mean 1.05 kg [SD 2.34], RT+P 0.13 kg [SD 2.19], p=0.10) or strength (RT+S mean grip 1.65 kg [SD 4.17], RT+P 1.63 kg [SD 4.47], p=0.98; mean leg press RT+S 58.4 kg [SD 78.8], RT+P 51.0 kg [SD 65.1], p=0.68) between groups. Both lean mass (p=0.03) and strength (grip p=0.003, leg press p less then 0.001) increased over time. CONCLUSIONS Supervised resistance training among survivors with protein supplementation is feasible but not more effective at increasing total lean body mass than resistance training alone. A 36-year-old Egyptian women with both mitral and aortic valve bioprostheses and tricuspid annuloplasty became pregnant and was referred to our centre for very severe aortic prosthetic valve stenosis (mean gradient 87 mmHg) and New York Heart Association III dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed aortic bioprosthesis degeneration with patient-prosthesis mismatch. This is the first case reported about a pregnant women with a patient-prosthesis mismatch involving a bioprosthesis. The management is discussed and, in conclusion, a review of the literature performed.The inflammatory/immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury participates in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, little is known about the local regulatory mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury that counteract the development of pain. Here, we investigated the contribution of regulatory T (Treg) cells to the development of neuropathic pain by using a partial sciatic nerve ligation model (PSNL) in mice. We showed that Treg cells infiltrate and proliferate in the site of peripheral nerve injury. Local Treg cells suppressed the development of neuropathic pain mainly through the inhibition of the CD4 Th1 response. Treg cells also indirectly reduced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation at the level of the sensory ganglia. Finally, we identified IL-10 signaling as an intrinsic mechanism by which Treg cells counteract neuropathic pain development. These results revealed Treg cells as important inhibitory modulators of the immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury that restrain the development of neuropathic pain. In conclusion, the boosting of Treg cell function/activity might be explored as a possible interventional approach to reduce neuropathic pain development after peripheral nerve damage.