Experiments 2 and 3 examined item-context (i.e., source) associative memory with participants studying words in different spatial positions continuously intermixed with source-monitoring tests (presented on top vs. on bottom vs. new?) across interference-filled lags (Experiment 3 controlling for delay/decay-based effects). In all experiments, item memory declined from the first lag on. In contrast, associative memory initially remained stable, with strong evidence for null effects of interference even in older adults, but showed some declines at later lags. The data supports Hardt et al.'s proposal of differential interference-based forgetting in item versus associative memory. The results further show that the age-related associative memory deficit does not extend to greater interference-based forgetting in older adults' associative memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).One core question in studies of language processing is the extent to which interlocutors engage in real-time communicative perspective-taking. Current evidence suggests that both children and young adult listeners are able to draw on common ground (shared knowledge) to guide referential interpretation. However, less is known about older listeners, who are often described as experiencing age-related cognitive declines that could affect their capacity to integrate perspective cues online. In the present study, we examined the extent to which younger and older listeners used common ground to guide the interpretation of temporarily ambiguous descriptions. Participants followed instructions from a Director to click on displayed objects. The target object (e.g., hat with blue feathers) was accompanied by a competitor (e.g., hat with pink feathers) or a control object (e.g., stapler). We manipulated whether the competitor/control was mutually visible (common ground) or not (privileged ground). The results revealed that, although listeners used perspective information to differentiate the target from the competitor in the common ground condition, this pattern was notably weaker in older adults. Whereas measures of executive function showed significant group differences in inhibitory control and working memory, no differences were found in theory of mind. Thus, age-related changes in communicative perspective-taking are not likely due to general declines in mentalizing ability. Furthermore, strict screening criteria for vision and hearing ability allowed us to rule out explanations involving age-related sensory decline. Together, the results advance our understanding of how younger and older adults integrate common ground during real-time referential processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Studies have demonstrated that listeners can retain detailed voice-specific acoustic information about spoken words in memory. A central question is when such information influences lexical processing. According to episodic models of the mental lexicon, voice-specific details influence word recognition immediately during online speech perception. Another view, the Time-Course Hypothesis, claims that voice-specific details influence word recognition only when processing is slow and effortful. The present study investigates the latter proposal by employing reaction time (RT)-distributional analyses. A long-term repetition priming experiment was conducted using an auditory lexical-decision task. In 2 blocks, participants made speeded responses to existing and nonexisting spoken words. In the second block, stimuli consisted of items that had not been presented in the first block and of items that were either repeated in the same voice or in a different voice. Ex-Gaussian and Vincentile analyses of the RT distributions in the second block revealed that voice-specific priming is reflected in distributional shifting rather than in distributional skewing. This indicates that voice-specific priming is not limited to very slow responses but that it affects both fast and slow responses. This finding is inconsistent with a strict version of the Time-Course Hypothesis, which claims that voice-specific priming occurs only during offline processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Two masked priming experiments investigated the impact of prime lexicality (word vs. nonword) and the pseudo-morphological structure of prime stimuli (pseudosuffixed vs. nonsuffixed) on embedded word priming effects. In the related prime conditions, target words were embedded at the beginning of prime stimuli and were followed either by a derivational suffix (e.g., corner-corn; cornry-corn) or a nonsuffix but orthographically legal word ending (e.g., dragon-drag; dragip-drag). Lexical decisions to target words were facilitated by related pseudosuffixed primes compared with unrelated primes, and this occurred to the same extent for word primes (corner-corn) and nonword primes (cornry-corn). On the other hand, target word recognition was inhibited by related nonsuffixed word primes (dragon-drag), and no priming was found with nonsuffixed nonword primes (dragip-drag). Conditional suffix probability-the probability that a string-initial embedded word will be followed by a derivational suffix in a lexicon of all uninflected morphologically simple and derived words - determined the size of priming effects obtained with nonsuffixed primes. Two main conclusions are drawn on the basis of these findings (a) the presence of a pseudo-morphological structure in words such as corner limits the impact of lateral inhibitory influences on embedded word priming, and (b) in the absence of a pseudo-morphological structure, one possible factor determining embedded word priming is the likelihood that the embedded word will be followed by a derivational suffix.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ziftomenib.html  (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Reports an error in "Criterion validity and relationships between alternative hierarchical dimensional models of general and specific psychopathology" by Tyler M. Moore, Antonia N. Kaczkurkin, E. Leighton Durham, Hee Jung Jeong, Malerie G. McDowell, Randolph M. Dupont, Brooks Applegate, Jennifer L. Tackett, Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez, Omid Kardan, Gaby N. Akcelik, Andrew J. Stier, Monica D. Rosenberg, Donald Hedeker, Marc G. Berman and Benjamin B. Lahey (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Jul 16, 2020, np). In the article (http//dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000601), an acknowledgment is missing from the author note. The missing acknowledgement is included in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-50590-001.) Psychopathology can be viewed as a hierarchy of correlated dimensions. Many studies have supported this conceptualization, but they have used alternative statistical models with differing interpretations. In bifactor models, every symptom loads on both the general factor and 1 specific factor (e.