Quality assurance of radiotherapy linear accelerator beams demands the use of equipment with high resolution and reliability of reproducible results over time. This study examines the suitability of a commercially available two-dimensional ionization chamber array-the StarCheck array (PTW, Frieburg, Germany) to measure symmetry and flatness for both photon and electron beams. The study was conducted over a period of 4 years whereby the reliability of the array could be established. The reproducibility, uniformity of chamber response, and comparison of both photon and electron profiles acquired with the StarCheck array to that of the water-tank were examined. The most significant result was that across all profiles acquired using the StarCheck array, a defective chamber was detected, manifested by a 'dip' in the cross-plane profile at the same position. Assuming all detectors are functional, StarCheck was shown to be within 1% of the water-tank results for both flatness and symmetry. The detector array exhibited many calibration and detector issues over the period in which it has been used in the department. Furthermore, PTW recommends that recalibration of the array should to be performed every 2 years at either PTW, Freiburg, or at a qualified calibration laboratory. Therefore, the department requires a backup device for the recalibration time, approximately 4 months as worst case. We aimed to evaluate the outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and diagnosed to have weak detrusor contractility by urodynamic study. A prospective study of 32 male patients had BPH candidate for TURP diagnosed to have impaired detrusor contractility by preoperative urodynamic study. We studied the postoperative outcome after TURP regarding international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Q ), post-voiding residual urine (PVR), the patients need for catheter, and urodynamic pressure flow study (PFS) parameters (maximum detrusor contractility, bladder contractility index (BCI), maximum bladder capacity and compliance) after 6month follow-up. Twenty-one cases presented with urethral catheter because of chronic or refractory retention. Twenty patients voided preoperatively during PFS with mean detrusor pressure (Pdet) at Q 23.97 ± 25.54 cmH2O and the mean BCI was 51.04 ± 23.86, while twelve patients did not void with mean maximum Pdet 21.75 ± 7.34. After 6month follow-up, there was significant improvement in IPSS, Q , and detrusor contractility (Pdet at Q and BCI) postoperatively in all patients, and there was no significant postoperative improvement of post-voiding residual urine (p value 0.92). Finally, 11 patients voided normally without RU, 7 patients needed timed triple voiding with crede maneuver and small RU, and 14 patients needed CIC. There were significant improvements in IPSS, detrusor contractility, and urine flow after TURP in patients with BPH and weak bladder contractility, although the risk of postoperative urine retention in approximately 43% of cases and needed CIC. There were significant improvements in IPSS, detrusor contractility, and urine flow after TURP in patients with BPH and weak bladder contractility, although the risk of postoperative urine retention in approximately 43% of cases and needed CIC. Perineal pressure associated with bicycle riding is the cause of several genitourinary pathologies, most notably Alcock's syndrome and subsequent perineal numbness. The possible link between cycling-induced perineal numbness and erectile dysfunction makes the development of strategies for perineal protection in bicycle users critical. To assess the effectiveness of strategies for reducing the impact of cycling on the perineum in healthy males. We have conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies examining various means of reducing the impact of cycling on the perineum under the PRISMA guidelines. Out of 2217 screened studies, 22 met our inclusion criteria, and 6 qualified for meta-analysis. The strategies included various designs of saddles, changes in the cycling position, seat shock absorber, shorts with different padding, using the recumbent bike. Using the no-nose saddle and recumbent bike resulted in a significant reduction of perineal pressure and higher penile oxygen pressure cocerns prevent its widespread use. Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an emerging pattern of disordered eating which may be driven by a pathological desire to consume only highly nutritious foods, absent concern over body weight, as is noted in anorexia nervosa (AN). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk-lsd1-2hcl.html This study seeks to clarify the development and progression of ON and add to researchers' understanding of this potential disorder. Utilizing Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to guide data collection and analysis, interviews were conducted with 18 individuals who self-identified as having ON. Participants described a clear distinction between orthorexia nervosa and clinically recognized eating disorders, with which they had prior experience. In addition, they demonstrated patterns of inflexible thinking that guided their perceptions of themselves and others. As a result, participants rapidly integrated newly acquired nutritional information, which led to escalations in restriction, social isolation, and physical symptoms of malnutrition. While prior findings on the relationship between ON and weight are conflicting, previously proposed criteria for ON emphasize an absence of weight-related concerns. The results of the present study suggest that weight control is a primary motivating factor in the escalating pattern of restriction. The nuanced results from this work evidence the value of interpretive qualitative approaches to improve understanding of ON. In particular, participants' described inflexible thinking with respect to eating behaviors may help inform or revise screening instruments and provide important insights for treatment of ON. Level V, qualitative descriptive research. Level V, qualitative descriptive research. Parathyroidectomy (PTx) has an established benefit in patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, its efficacy in mild asymptomatic PHPT has not been proven. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the best available evidence from randomized-controlled trials comparing the efficacy of PTx over conservative management (non-PTx) on skeletal outcomes [fractures and bone mineral density (BMD)], nephrolithiasis risk and quality of life (QoL) in patients with mild asymptomatic PHPT. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases, from conception to February 23, 2020. Data were extracted from the studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were synthesized quantitatively (fixed or random effects model) as relative risks and percentage mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). I index was employed for heterogeneity. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was no difference in fracture risk between PTx and active surveillance.