Antibody Drug Conjugates are cytotoxic pharmaceuticals, designed to destruct malignant cells. A cytotoxic molecule is attached to an antibody, that binds specific to a cancer-cell surface. Given the high toxicity of the drugs, strict safety standards have to be kept. For this reason, an Antibody Drug Conjugates -Model was developed with Fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate as the non-toxic payload surrogate. Due to the similar hydrophobicity, this model is used to establish a suitable purification process and characterization method for Antibody Drug Conjugates. Because of the pH dependent solubility of Fluorescein, the hydrophobicity of conjugates can be modulated by the pH value. Based on the complex heterogeneity and hydrophobicity of the conjugates a chromatographic purification is challenging. Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography is used for analytical as well as for preparative separations. Because of the increased hydrophobicity of the conjugates compared to native antibody, hydrophobic interaction chromatography often suffer from resolution and recovery problems. Conjugates were separated differing on the number of payloads attached to the antibody. For this matter, the Drug-Antibody-Ratio is determined and used as a quantitative term. The conjugates are purified at high recoveries and resolution by step gradients using suitable resins, allowing the separation of the target Drug-Antibody-Ratio. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary central nervous system tumor with a dismal prognosis. However, extracranial metastases are extremely rare. Very few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 64-year-old male with glioblastoma metastatic to a cervical lymph node in which the diagnosis was made on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The cytomorphologic features of glioblastoma are distinct, with pleomorphic cells in loosely cohesive clusters with prominent nucleoli, coarsely clumped chromatin and cellular processes. We suggest that FNAC, along with clinical history, is a cost effective, safe, and diagnostically accurate method of diagnosing glioblastoma metastases. Cell block is also helpful in establishing the diagnosis. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peroxygenases are heme-dependent enzymes that use peroxide-borne oxygen to catalyze a wide range of oxyfunctionalization reactions. Herein, we report the engineering of an unusual cofactor-independent peroxygenase based on a promiscuous tautomerase that accepts different hydroperoxides (t-BuOOH and H2O2) to accomplish enantiocomplementary epoxidations of various α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (citral and substituted cinnamaldehydes), providing access to both enantiomers of the corresponding α,β-epoxy-aldehydes. High conversions (up to 98%), high enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee), and good product yields (50-80%) were achieved. The reactions likely proceed via a reactive enzyme-bound iminium ion intermediate, allowing tweaking of the enzyme's activity and selectivity by protein engineering.  https://www.selleckchem.com/Bcl-2.html  Our results underscore the potential of catalytic promiscuity for the engineering of new cofactor-independent oxidative enzymes. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Microglial inflammation is identified as a key process associated with Parkinson's diseases (PD) pathogenesis. Our previous study demonstrated that miR-29c-3p (miR-29c) exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in PD animal and neuronal models. However, the specific role and regulatory mechanism of miR-29c played in microglia is still unclear. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells were employed to establish a cellular model of microglial activation for investigating PD. The results showed a decreased expression of miR-29c in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Overexpression of miR-29c suppressed LPS-triggered Iba-1 increment, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and NF-кB and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Silence of miR-29c induced similar effects with LPS on microglial inflammation. In addition, we found that NFAT5 was negatively correlated with miR-29c. Knockdown of NFAT5 blocked the aggravated inflammation in microglia treated by miR-29c inhibitor. Thus, these findings suggest that miR-29c modulates NLRP3 inflammasome to impair microglial inflammatory responses by targeting NFAT5, which represents a promising therapeutic target for PD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Molecular-level understanding of transport and adsorption mechanisms of electrolyte ions in nanoporous electrodes under applied potentials is essential to control the performance of double layer capacitors for rapidly emerging high power energy storage. Here in operando small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to directly detect ion movements into the nanopores of a conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) electrode under operating conditions. Neutron scattering data reveals that most of the void space within the MOF is accessible to the solvent. Upon the addition of the electrolyte NaOTF, the ions are adsorbed on the outer surface of the protrusions to form a 30 Å layer instead of entering the ionophobic pores in the absence of an applied charging potential. The changes in scattering intensity when potentials are applied suggests the ion rearrangement in the micropores following different mechanisms depending on the electrode polarization. These observations shed new insights on ion electrosorption in electrode materials. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The pre-operative knowledge of the complexity of a renal mass is the cornerstone to plan a partial nephrectomy(PN) [1]. Given the multiple issues characterizing it - size, protrusion out from renal parenchyma, longitudinal and coronal location, proximity to the hilum - nephrometric scoring systems have been proposed during the last decade[2, 3]; RENAL and PADUA classifications are the mostly used [4-6]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Inspired by the distinct chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles, here a novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography column was prepared by electrostatic assembly of poly (diallydimethylammonium chloride) onto the inner surface of a fused-silica capillary, followed by self-adsorption of negatively charged SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles. The formation of the SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles coated capillary was confirmed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry studies indicated that SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles was successfully coated on the inner wall of the capillary column. The performance of the SH-β-cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles coated capillary was validated by the analysis of six pairs of chiral drugs, namely zopiclone, carvedilol, salbutamol, terbutaline sulfate, phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride and ibuprofen. Satisfactory enantioseparation results were achieved, confirming the use of gold nanoparticles as the support could enhance the phase ratio of the open-tubular capillary column.