Atypical coeliac disease in young children is frequently missed when it presents atypically as non-gastrointestinal presentations to different specialties. There was a greater delay (54 months) in establishing the diagnosis in those with atypical coeliac disease (p  less then  0.001). No difference was observed in the mode of delivery or duration of breast feeding, but significant difference was observed between gestational age at birth (p  less then  0.001). Most cases showed stunted growth and underweight. Irritability, anaemia, rickets, dermatitis herpetiformis, alopecia and intussusception were other common predictors of atypical coeliac disease. Because of a myriad spectrum of non-gastrointestinal symptoms, at any age with diverse presentation, a high index of suspicion is therefore required.Previous research, mainly in the United States, has identified several barriers to acting as a bystander in sexual harassment at university campuses. Despite the high frequency of harassment in Latin America, there is a dearth of studies investigating barriers to bystander behaviour in this context. In this pilot study, we report findings exploring harassment and bystander behaviour in university staff and students in Ecuador, a Latin American country characterised by masculine social norms and high levels of gender-based harassment. In an on-line survey, 129 staff and students from universities in different regions of Ecuador answered questions about perceptions of seriousness of harassment, rape myth acceptance, actual incidences of being a perpetrator, victim, or a bystander, and the likelihood and difficulties of bystander action. Women and those who scored higher in rape myth acceptance reported more intervention difficulties. In addition, women and those who had previously perpetrated harassment rated their likelihood of intervening lower. Finally, perceptions of harassment as a serious problem in campuses related to a higher likelihood of intervening as a bystander. We discuss the results in terms of practical applications in devising culturally appropriate bystander intervention workshops.
  Horse riding carries risk of injury which can result in fatality.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/protac-tubulin-degrader-1.html  The majority of published literature describes major trauma centre experience. We aimed to characterise injury patterns following equine trauma at a Scottish district general hospital.
 
  A retrospective review of admissions following equine trauma was undertaken from 2014 to 2019. Mechanism and nature of injuries were noted. Patient management and outcomes were recorded and analysed to determine correlation.
 
  Of the 162 patients identified, 121 (74.7 per cent) were female. The commonest mechanism and injury sustained were falling from a horse (86.4 per cent) and head injury (17.9 per cent) respectively. Forty-four (27.2 per cent) had multiple injuries identified. Being crushed or kicked resulted in more abdominal visceral injuries (22.7 vs 0.7 per cent, p = <0.05) and ITU admissions (18.2 vs 6.4 per cent, p = 0.06) when compared with falling from alone. Eight (4.9 per cent) required transfer to a major trauma centre and 30-day mortality was 0.6 per cent.
 
  Although variable, injuries following equine trauma can be life threatening. Increased awareness and development of safety legislation is needed. In addition, research could be directed at assessing functional outcomes given the large number of orthopaedic injuries.
 Although variable, injuries following equine trauma can be life threatening. Increased awareness and development of safety legislation is needed. In addition, research could be directed at assessing functional outcomes given the large number of orthopaedic injuries.ABSTRACTA key objective of Pakistan's family planning program has been to increase awareness of the benefits of a small family. Despite five decades of effort, family size ideals of four children persist. Research suggests a preference for large families and many sons is driven by an economic and gender order that situates sons, and subsequent large families, as a form of financial and social capital. We argue an additional factor promoting large family size in Pakistan is precarity. Drawing upon 13 months' of ethnographic work from a village in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, our data show our respondents' preference for large families with several sons was a rational response to precarity, created by economic insecurity and persistent conflict. While child mortality has reduced, the risk of an untimely conflict-related death of adult sons remains high and continues to play a crucial role in our respondents' family size calculations. Our research contributes to the body of literature listing the forces pushing large family sizes and provides an additional explanation for Pakistan's stagnating modern contraceptive prevalence rate. It also provides policy direction for reducing Pakistan's high fertility rate, suggesting a need to address the upstream factors that contribute to the continuing need for large families.The reputation of the construction industry as one of the most world's dangerous industries is because of its tremendous accident and fatality rate. In this study, a prediction model for construction projects' safety performance was presented as an alarm system. The proposed model can predict the safety performance at the beginning of the project. To do so, firstly, data preparation and, secondly, developing an automatic regression model were carried out as the two main steps of the study. To collect data, after identifying effective criteria, a questionnaire was developed. Next, an innovative machine learning method, named linear artificial bee colony programming, was used to discover the relationship between the identified criteria and safety performance. The results of one-dimensional and two-dimensional sensitivity analysis show that the four criteria of management commitment to safety, safety training, safety team and safety budget are the most important factors that influence safety performance.Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common allergic skin disease that affects individuals subjected to different antigen exposure conditions and significantly impacts the quality of life of those affected. Numerous studies have demonstrated that probiotics suppress inflammation through immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 51A as a preventive treatment for ACD using an oxazolone-induced murine model. We demonstrated that B. longum 51A exerted a prophylactic effect on oxazolone-induced ACD-like skin inflammation via reductions in ear and dermal thickness and leucocyte infiltration. The administration of inactivated B. longum 51A did not affect oxazolone-induced ACD-like skin inflammation, suggesting that the bacteria must be alive to be effective. Given that B. longum 51A is an acetate producer, we treated mice with acetate intraperitoneally, which also prevented ear and dermal thickening. Moreover, the tissue levels of the inflammatory cytokines and chemokines interleukin (IL)-10, IL-33, tumour necrosis factor-α, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5/RANTES were significantly reduced after probiotic treatment, but only IL-33 and IL-10 were reduced when the mice were treated with acetate.