In conclusion, vaccines targeting immune checkpoints seem to be a promising strategy for anti-Babesia vaccine development. OBJECTIVES From December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease named COVID-19 was reported in China. Within 3 months, the World Health Organization defined COVID-19 as a pandemic, with more than 370,000 cases and 16,000 deaths worldwide. In consideration of the crucial role of diagnostic testing during COVID-19, the aim of this technical note was to provide a complete synthesis of approaches implemented for the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. KEY FINDINGS The planning of a robust plan to prevent the transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members should be fundamental in each radiology service. Moreover, the speed of spread and the incidence of the pandemic make it necessary to optimize the use of personal protective devices and dedicated COVID-19 equipment, given the limited availability of supplies. CONCLUSION In the management of radiographic and CT imaging, staff should take special precautions to limit contamination between patients and other patients or professionals. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE An isolated imaging room should be dedicated to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, including radiography and CT scanners. This paper will provide guidance concerning disposable protective gear to be utilized, as well as on the cleaning and sanitation of radiology room and equipment. INTRODUCTION Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that mostly affects females aged between 10 and 17 years old. Cobb's method is the gold standard for assessing AIS. Being overweight is a common characteristic in AIS patients; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect fat mass has on the accuracy of Cobb angle measurements in 10-year-old female AIS patients. METHODS A purpose-built phantom representing an AIS patient was scanned after adding several thicknesses of lard fat (0,2,4 and 8 cm). The phantom was scanned in an antero-posterior position using the scout mode of the CT scanner. 18 observers performed Cobb angle measurements on the images. RESULTS The average Cobb angle at 0 cm of fat was 10.83° (SD = 3.06), at 2 cm it was 10.90° (SD = 3.16), at 4 cm it was 10.64° (SD = 3.06) and at 8 cm it was 10.88° (SD = 3.02). No significant difference was observed between the measurements at these thicknesses. CONCLUSION Cobb angle measurements are not affected by the presence of fat. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE When assessing overweight AIS patients, it not necessary to manipulate the acquisition parameters, which could lead to increased patient dose, in order to get more accurate Cobb angle measurement. OBJECTIVES This study examined the influence of a wrist-worn heart rate drowsiness detection device on heavy vehicle driver safety and sleep and its ability to predict driving events under naturalistic conditions. DESIGN Prospective, non-randomized trial. SETTING Naturalistic driving in Malaysia. PARTICIPANTS Heavy vehicle drivers in Malaysia were assigned to the Device (n = 25) or Control condition (n = 34). INTERVENTION Both conditions were monitored for driving events at work over 4-weeks in Phase 1, and 12-weeks in Phase 2. In Phase 1, the Device condition wore the device operated in the silent mode (i.e., no drowsiness alerts) to examine the accuracy of the device in predicting driving events. In Phase 2, the Device condition wore the device in the active mode to examine if drowsiness alerts from the device influenced the rate of driving events (compared to Phase 1). MEASUREMENTS All participants were monitored for harsh braking and harsh acceleration driving events and self-reported sleep duration and sleepiness daily. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the rate of harsh braking events (Rate ratio = 0.48, p  less then  0.05) and a fall in subjective sleepiness (p  less then  0.05) when the device was operated in the active mode (compared to the silent mode). The device predicted when no driving events were occurring (specificity=98.81%), but had low accuracy in detecting when a driving event did occur (sensitivity=6.25%). CONCLUSIONS Including drowsiness detection devices in fatigue management programs appears to alter driver behaviour, improving safety despite the modest accuracy. Longer term studies are required to determine if this change is sustained. A residual bone defect at the distal aspect of the adjacent second molar may occur after total removal of the lower third molar. Lower third molar coronectomy has been proved to be a safe alternative to total removal, but the extent of bone regeneration at the adjacent tooth after coronectomy is not well reported. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the long-term bone regeneration at the distal aspect of the adjacent second molar after lower third molar coronectomy. Preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography scans were measured to assess bone regeneration at the distobuccal (DB), mid-distal (MD), and distolingual (DL) aspects of the lower second molar. Forty-eight coronectomies in 37 patients (23 female) with a mean±standard deviation age of 29.1±7.2 years were assessed. The mean follow-up was 93.2±8.7 months. The mean bone level increase at DB, MD, and DL aspects was 3.2±1.6mm, 3.5±1.5mm, and 3.2±1.6mm, respectively; the bone levels were significantly higher than the preoperative measurements (P less then 0.001). Age and impaction patterns were not factors affecting bone regeneration. Based on this study, it appears that coronectomy of the lower third molar brings favourable bone regeneration at the distal aspect of the adjacent second molar. PURPOSE In the treatment of philtral ridge deficiency in cleft lip patients, optimal results are difficult to obtain due to visible scarring following surgery. The purpose of this article is to introduce a novel strategy for philtrum reconstruction along with an evaluation of postoperative outcomes of this technique. METHOD All patients with a deficiency of the philtrum underwent reconstruction of the philtral ridge and upper lip using an orbicularis oris muscle flap with a specific re-suturing technique in our study. The convexity of the philtral ridge was evaluated pre- and postoperatively at rest and while puckering using patient photography as well as three-dimensional simulation technology. Postoperative outcomes and complications were assessed during follow-up, including a patient satisfaction survey. RESULTS Thirty cleft lip patients underwent treatment in this study using a specific orbicularis oris muscle re-suturing technique.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bindarit.html  The average age of the 13 male and 17 female patients was 31.5 years. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 3.