Based on the available literature, treatment recommendations were developed for each patient group. These patient group-specific recommendations based on best available evidence are intended to simplify the decision-making process for treatment selection in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease.As many countries begin to lift some of the restrictions to contain COVID-19 spread, lack of evidence of transmission in the school setting remains. We examined Irish notifications of SARS-CoV2 in the school setting before school closures on 12 March 2020 and identified no paediatric transmission. This adds to current evidence that children do not appear to be drivers of transmission, and we argue that reopening schools should be considered safe accompanied by certain measures.BackgroundUnderstanding influenza seasonality is necessary for determining policies for influenza control.AimWe characterised transmissibility during seasonal influenza epidemics, including one influenza pandemic, in Spain during the 21th century by using the moving epidemic method (MEM) to calculate intensity levels and estimate differences across seasons and age groups.MethodsWe applied the MEM to Spanish Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System data from influenza seasons 2001/02 to 2017/18. A modified version of Goldstein's proxy was used as an epidemiological-virological parameter. We calculated the average starting week and peak, the length of the epidemic period and the length from the starting week to the peak of the epidemic, by age group and according to seasonal virus circulation.ResultsIndividuals under 15 years of age presented higher transmissibility, especially in the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. Seasons with dominance/co-dominance of influenza A(H3N2) virus presented high intensities in older adults. The 2004/05 influenza season showed the highest influenza-intensity level for all age groups. In 12 seasons, the epidemic started between week 50 and week 3. Epidemics started earlier in individuals under 15 years of age (-1.8 weeks; 95% confidence interval (CI)-2.8 to -0.7) than in those over 64 years when influenza B virus circulated as dominant/co-dominant.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/blu-285.html  The average time from start to peak was 4.3 weeks (95% CI 3.6-5.0) and the average epidemic length was 8.7 weeks (95% CI 7.9-9.6).ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence for intensity differences across seasons and age groups, and can be used guide public health actions to diminish influenza-related morbidity and mortality.The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous pressure on hospital infrastructures such as emergency rooms (ER) and outpatient departments. To avoid malfunctioning of critical services because of large numbers of potentially infected patients seeking consultation, we established a COVID-19 rapid response infrastructure (CRRI), which instantly restored ER functionality. The CRRI was also used for testing of hospital personnel, provided epidemiological data and was a highly effective response to increasing numbers of suspected COVID-19 cases.BackgroundDespite the early development of Google Flu Trends in 2009, standards for digital epidemiology methods have not been established and research from European countries is scarce.AimIn this article, we study the use of web search queries to monitor influenza-like illness (ILI) rates in the Netherlands in real time.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we simulated the weekly use of a prediction model for estimating the then-current ILI incidence across the 2017/18 influenza season solely based on Google search query data. We used weekly ILI data as reported to The European Surveillance System (TESSY) each week, and we removed the then-last 4 weeks from our dataset. We then fitted a prediction model based on the then-most-recent search query data from Google Trends to fill the 4-week gap ('Nowcasting'). Lasso regression, in combination with cross-validation, was applied to select predictors and to fit the 52 models, one for each week of the season.ResultsThe models provided accurate predictions with a mean and maximum absolute error of 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.75) and 6.36 per 10,000 population. The onset, peak and end of the epidemic were predicted with an error of 1, 3 and 2 weeks, respectively. The number of search terms retained as predictors ranged from three to five, with one keyword, 'griep' ('flu'), having the most weight in all models.DiscussionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of accurate, real-time ILI incidence predictions in the Netherlands using Google search query data.Objectives Penetrating abdominal trauma is one of the injuries that could affect civilians in wartime. This retrospective study investigates the commonly injured abdominal organs, and the impact of multiple injured organs on mortality. Methods We reviewed the operating room (OR) logs of patients who presented to the surgical emergency department (SED) at Al-Mouwasat University Hospital with war-related abdominal penetrating trauma requiring exploratory laparotomy between April 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Results Of 7826 patients with traumatic injuries, 898 patients (11.5%) required exploratory laparotomy. Of all patients who had an exploratory laparotomy (n = 898), 58 patients (6.5%) died in the perioperative period. Regarding complete laparotomies (n = 873 patients), small intestines, large intestines, and liver were the most commonly affected organs (36.4%, 33%, 22.9%, respectively). A total of 92 patients (10.2%) had negative laparotomy in which all the abdominal organs were not injured. The perioperative mortality rate (POMR) increased when more organs/organ systems were injured per patient reaching a peak at 3 organs/organ systems injuries with a POMR of 8.3%. POMR was highest in patients with musculoskeletal injuries (18.2%), followed by vascular injuries (11.8%), and liver injuries (7%). Conclusions The management of civilians' abdominal injuries remains a challenge for general and trauma surgeons, especially the civilian trauma team. The number and type of injured organs and their correlation with mortality should be considered during surgical management of penetrating abdominal injuries.