olling pathogenic oral microflora compared to the standard drugs also revalidated the claim of Unani Physicians that the Sunoon Zard is quite effective in various oro-dental disorders.Personality describes the average behaviour and responses of individuals across situations; but personality traits are often poor predictors of behaviour in specific situations. This is known as the "personality paradox". We evaluated the interrelations between various trait and state variables in participants' everyday lives. As state measures, we used 1) experience sampling methodology (ESM/EMA) to measure perceived affect, stress, and presence of social company; and 2) heart rate variability and 3) real-time movement (accelerometer data) to indicate physiological stress and physical movement. These data were linked with self-report measures of personality and personality-like traits. Trait variables predicted affect states and multiple associations were found traits neuroticism and rumination decreased positive affect state and increased negative affect state. Positive affect state, in turn, was the strongest predictor of observed movement. Positive affect was also associated with heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV). Negative affect, in turn, was not associated with neither movement, HR or HRV. The study provides evidence on the influence of personality-like traits and social context to affect states, and, in turn, their influence to movement and stress variables.
  Substance abuse is causing increasing threats to the stability of young minds, from teenage to the older youths and is an issue of public health concern in Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Ekiti State.
 
  A comparative cross-sectional survey was carried out among students in tertiary institutions in Ekiti state with participants selected from Year 1 to Year 4. Data collection tool was the WHO questionnaire (STASSIS). Data was analysed to obtain descriptive and inferential data, Kruskal-Wallis test and chi square were used for analysis of variance and test of association.
 
  The majority of the students reported low use of all the drugs (64-90.1%) though moderate to high use were reported for alcohol 35.1%, marijuana 15.7%, heroine 15.3%, tobacco 13.8% and cocaine 10.2%. There was a significant association between student's moderate to high use and university type. Students in private universities reported more use, especially heroine. Difference in substance use across the four years surveyed was significant with final year students (400 level) showing highest use.
 
  Tertiary students in Ekiti state are low users of psychoactive substances with a prevalence of 60-91%. Moderate to high prevalence of 10-31% was reported with alcohol as the substance with highest usage. Substance use varied significantly with university type with highest prevalence in the private institution and students at different academic levels with final year students being the highest users.
 Tertiary students in Ekiti state are low users of psychoactive substances with a prevalence of 60-91%. Moderate to high prevalence of 10-31% was reported with alcohol as the substance with highest usage. Substance use varied significantly with university type with highest prevalence in the private institution and students at different academic levels with final year students being the highest users.Fasciolosis is a food- and water-borne disease caused by digenean trematode species, Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. They are widely distributed and infect a wide range of definitive hosts, causing enormous economic loss due to reduced productivity in domestic ruminants. The two species have been previously reported to be co-endemic in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa. Hybridization between the two species has been reported elsewhere. Despite the overlap of the two species in two provinces, there has been no attempt to determine the presence of the intermediate forms or hybrids.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sumatriptan.html  Therefore, this study aimed at morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola spp. collected from cattle slaughtered at abattoirs located in the two provinces of South Africa, where two species are endemic. A total of 71 fluke specimens were collected cattle from abattoirs in Enhlazeni and Nelspruit in Mpumalanga province and Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, and Zimbabwe (ically as F. hepatica and molecular analysis confirmed them as F. hepatica (n = 4) by both CO1 and ITS-1/5.8S/ITS-2. Phylogenetic analysis based on both CO1 and ITS-1/5.8S/ITS-2 showed that F. hepatica species formed a moderately supported monophyletic clade with F. gigantica. Their ancestral history was further confirmed by haplotype network, which formed novel haplotypes that corresponded with the structure of the phylogenetic tree. Results from this study showed that morphological characters alone have limitations in identifying F. hepatica and F. gigantica in areas where the two species occur, although both methods confirmed the presence of F. gigantica occurring in Zimbabwe, F. hepatica in KwaZulu-Natal, and both species occurring in Mpumalanga province. Therefore, the use of morphological techniques, complemented by molecular techniques are recommended, especially in endemic areas where the two species are co-endemic.Infection with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, caused by the consumption of infected raw or undercooked cyprinid fish is common in humans and carnivores in the middle Ob River basin (Tomsk region, Russia) and can lead to diseases in humans. The goal of this study was the status of fish infection with O. felineus metacercariae in order to assess the role of fish in the infection of the human population in the middle Ob River basin. Of the 14 Cyprinidae species recorded in the middle Ob River basin, we examined 6 cyprinid species for prevalence and intensity of infection with O. felineus metacercariae. Five of these species (Leuciscus idus, Leuciscus leuciscus, Rutilus rutilus, Abramis brama, and Carassius gibelio) are of commercial value, while the common bleak is an object of amateur fishing. In addition, we conducted a survey of the fish consumption habits as part of a community-based cross-sectional study in the rural Shegarsky district, Tomsk region, Russian Federation. O. felineus metacercariae were observed in muscles of all examined species except for the Prussian carp.