BACKGROUND Heart transplantation has become standard of care for pediatric patients with either end-stage heart failure or inoperable congenital heart defects. Despite increasing surgical complexity and overall volume, however, annual transplant rates remain largely unchanged. Data demonstrating pediatric donor heart refusal rates of 50% suggest optimizing donor utilization is critical. This review evaluated the impact of donor characteristics surrounding the time of death on pediatric heart transplant recipient outcomes. METHODS An extensive literature review was performed to identify articles focused on donor characteristics surrounding the time of death and their impact on pediatric heart transplant recipient outcomes. RESULTS Potential pediatric heart transplant recipient institutions commonly receive data from seven different donor death-related categories with which to determine organ acceptance cause of death, need for CPR, serum troponin, inotrope exposure, projected donor ischemia time, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic results. Although DITs up to 8 hours have been reported with comparable recipient outcomes, most data support minimizing this period to less then 4 hours. CVA as a cause of death may be associated with decreased recipient survival but is rare in the pediatric population. Otherwise, however, in the setting of an acceptable donor heart with a normal echocardiogram, none of the other data categories surrounding donor death negatively impact pediatric heart transplant recipient survival. CONCLUSIONS Echocardiographic evaluation is the most important donor clinical information following declaration of brain death provided to potential recipient institutions. Considering its relative importance, every effort should be made to allow direct image visualization. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Although not listed in the DSM-5, musical obsessions (also known as stuck song syndrome) are generally considered a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Occurring alone or concurrently with other symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, musical obsessions may be common in bipolar disorder. Due to the lack of awareness and availability of proper screening measures, under-diagnosis of musical obsessions may also be common in the context of bipolar disorder. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Donor organ acceptance practices vary among pediatric heart transplant professionals. We sought to understand what is known about the interactions between the "high-risk" recipient and the "marginal donor," and how donor risk scores can impact this discussion. METHODS A systematic review of published literature on pediatric HTx was undertaken with the assistance of a medical librarian. Two authors independently assessed search results, and papers were reviewed for inclusion. RESULTS We found that there are a large number of individual factors, and clusters of factors, that have been used to label individual recipients "high-risk" and individual donors "marginal." The terms "high-risk recipient" and "marginal donor" have been used broadly in the literature making it virtually impossible to make comparisons between publications. In general, the data support that patients who could be easily agreed to be "sicker recipients" are at more risk compared to those who are clearly "healthier," albeit still "sick enough" to need transplantation. Given this variability in the literature, we were unable to define how being a "high-risk" recipient interplays with accepting a "marginal donor." Existing risk scores are described, but none were felt to adequately predict outcomes from factors available at the time of offer acceptance. CONCLUSIONS We could not determine what makes a donor "marginal," a recipient "high-risk," or how these factors interplay within the specific recipient-donor pair to determine outcomes. Until there are better risk scores predicting outcomes at the time of organ acceptance, programs should continue to evaluate each organ and recipient individually. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) is an RNA modification as a component of cytokines, which regulate plant growth/differentiation, and a subset of tRNAs, where it improves the efficiency and accuracy of translation. Previously, the installation and removal of this modification was mediated by prenyltransferases and cytokinin oxidases. However, a chemical approach to selective deprenylation of i6A has not been developed. Herein a selected group of oxoammonium cations functioned as artificial deprenylases to promote highly selective deprenylation of i6A at nucleoside, oligonucleotide and live cells levels. Importantly, other epigenetic modifications, amino acid residues and natural products, were not affected. Moreover, a significant phenotype difference in the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and root development with incubation of the cation was observed. Collectively, these results establish these small organic molecules as direct chemical regulators/artificial deprenylases of i6A and provide novel probes in RNA biology studies. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.We aimed to review current literature on the discard rate of donor hearts offered to pediatric recipients and assess geographical differences. Consequences and ways to reduce the discard rate are discussed. A systemic review on published literature on pediatric transplantation published in English since 2010 was undertaken. Additionally, a survey was sent to international OPOs with the goal of incorporating responses from around the world providing a more global picture. Based on the literature review and survey, there is a remarkably wide range of discard and/or refusal for pediatric hearts offered for transplant, ranging between 18% and 57% with great geographic variation.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/eliglustat.html  The data suggest that that the overall refusal rate may have decreased over the last decade. Reasons for organ discard were difficult to identify from the available data. Although the refusal rate of pediatric donor hearts seems to be lower compared to that reported in adults, it is still as high as 57% with geographic variation. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.