activity determined using Clonogenic assay indicated that the derivative, EOCF inhibits the metastatic effects in melanoma cell lines. Migratory potential of Melanoma cells were significantly reduced in presence of EOCF when Transwell migration assay was conducted.
 
  This work established that the potency of the synthesized compound was more than the parent compound, embelin when it was structurally modified with 3-chloro-4-trifluoromethoxy aniline and that the derivative can be used as a lead molecule for further drug discovery.
 This work established that the potency of the synthesized compound was more than the parent compound, embelin when it was structurally modified with 3-chloro-4-trifluoromethoxy aniline and that the derivative can be used as a lead molecule for further drug discovery.Temperature is a fundamental factor that affects many functions and structural aspects of physiological systems. Despite its importance, little studies have performed so far for investigating the compartments and mechanisms engaged in the response of cellular systems to temperature perturbation. In this review, focusing on stem cells, we tried to perform a literature review for investigating the possible ways that temperature reduction [hypothermia] affects stem cell function and behavior. Besides, using the obtained results of this investigation, the possible mechanisms are proposed. The survey indicates that profound hypothermia enhances cell adhesion by increasing the stability of E-cadherins. Furthermore, mild hypothermia increases stem cell survival by reducing oxidative stress and prevents apoptosis via the overexpression of anti-apoptotic heat shock proteins. Mild-hypothermia also promotes cell proliferation by affecting gene expression in several ways. Even though it seems that hypothermia generally reduced stem cell differentiation, some inconsistencies are observed between obtained results from the literature. Based on the obtained results, mechanisms responsible for temperature effect of hypothermia in profound and mild ranges are given that might help researcher for real experiments.The use of stem cells in cell therapies has shown promising results in the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes mellitus, in both humans and animals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various locations, including bone marrow, adipose tissues, synovia, muscles, dental pulp, umbilical cords, and the placenta. In vitro, by manipulating the composition of the culture medium or transfection, MSCs can differentiate into several cell lineages, including insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Unlike osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation, for which the culture medium and time are similar between studies, studies involving the induction of MSC differentiation in IPCs differ greatly. This divergence is usually evident in relation to the differentiation technique used, the composition of the culture medium, the cultivation time, which can vary from a few hours to several months, and the number of steps to complete differentiation. However, although there is no "gold standard" differentiation medium composition, most prominent studies mention the use of nicotinamide, exedin-4, ß-mercaptoethanol, fibroblast growth factor b (FGFb), and glucose in the culture medium to promote the differentiation of MSCs into IPCs. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to investigate the stages of MSC differentiation into IPCs both in vivo and in vitro, as well as address differentiation techniques and molecular actions and mechanisms by which some substances, such as nicotinamide, exedin-4, ßmercaptoethanol, FGFb, and glucose, participate in the differentiation process.
  Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart's endocardial surface. In recent years, nuclear imaging methods have gained importance in the diagnosis of IE. The present study aims to investigate the imaging potential of 99mTc-labeled vancomycin ( 99mTc-Vancomycin) as a new agent that would enable the diagnosis of IE in its early stages when it is difficult to diagnose or has small vegetation, in the experimental rat model.
 
  99mTc-Vancomycin scintigraphy was evaluated for its accumulation in IE with Staphylococcus aureus performed in an experimental rat model. Serial planar scintigraphic and biodistribution analysis of infected vegetations are compared to rats with sterile vegetations. The heart was identified as an infected organ, the liver was identified as a noninfected organ and the heart/liver uptake ratio (T / NT ratio) was compared between infective endocarditis and sterile endocarditis groups.
 
  Planar scintigrams (in vivo measurements) showed more uptake in the heart of rats in the infece of significant 99mTc-Vancomycin uptake in the sterile endocarditis group indicates that this agent targeted the infected tissue instead of the sterile inflammatory tissue. Finally, this agent should also be evaluated with animal-specific imaging devices.
  The continuous need for new anticancer drugs is a never-ending task due to cancer resistance to the existing drugs.
 
  This article aimed to Design, synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation of cyanopyridines, pyridopyrazolopyrimidines and pyridopyrazolotriazines.
 
  FTIR spectra were recorded on Thermo nioclet iso10 FT-IR. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on on JEOL (500 MHz) and Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer. Anticancer activity was determined using MTT assay against three cancer cell lines namely liver cancer cell line (HepG-2), pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1), non-small lung cancer cell line (A-549) and normal fibroblast.
 
  New series of 3-cyanopyridines (2a,b, 4, 5, 9), pyridopyrimidine (10), pyridopyrazolopyrimidines (11a-c, 12a,b, 18), pyrazolopyridine salt (13) and pyridopyrazolotriazines (16a,b) were synthesized from 3-cyano-4,6- dimethyl-2-pyridone. The novel synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activity and their chemical structures were determined h the highest safety profile (IC50=113.97 µg mL-1).Medicinal plants and dietary supplements may provide an effective and safe treatment for pain relief. Green tea is one of the most common beverages with many several pharmacological activities. The results of various studies have indicated that green tea possesses antinociceptive effects. Many of the protective effects of green tea in the aspect of pain relief are attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Camptothecine.html  Epigallocatechin -3-gallate (EGCG) as one of the major phytochemical components in green is effective in the management of pain through suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. We reviewed the effects of green tea on pain and also, discussed its mechanisms in pain relief. This review suggests that green tea can be a safe and often effective treatment for pain.