AIM To evaluate the clinical value of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) in differential diagnosis of testicular torsion and acute orchiditis. MATERIAL AND METHODS During a 3-year period, 14 cases of testicular torsion and 16 cases of acute orchiditis met the inclusion criteria. Young's modulus maximum hardness (Emax) of testicular capsule region, middle testicular parenchyma, warped spermatic segment or inferior spermatic segment was measured in each group. SWE "stiff ring sign" of testis refers to the appearance of a red ring in the testicular capsule area and "stiff knot sign" of spermatic cord refers to the appearance of a red knot in the lower segment of the spermatic cord. RESULTS Emax value of the testicular capsule in the torsion group was higher than in the acute inflammation group (138.76±58.27 vs 16.40±4.71 kPa, p=0.0001). Emax value in the middle parenchyma of the testis showed no statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.053). Emax value in the twisted spermatic segment was higher than that in the lower spermatic segment with acute inflammation (166.61±60.07 vs 14.14±4.93, p=0.0001). In the torsion group, 12 testicular capsule areas showed "stiff ring sign" and all twisted segments of spermatic cord showed "stiff knot sign" but no signs were found in the inflammatory group. CONCLUSIONS "Stiff ring sign" of testis, "stiff knot sign" of spermatic cord, high stiffness of the testicular capsule and in the twisted spermatic segment are the typical SWE findings of testicular torsion, with important clinical value in the differential diagnosis of testicular torsion and acute orchiditis.INTRODUCTION This study aimed to explore the time-effect of color duplex Doppler ultrasound (CDDU) in the diagnosis of vascular erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a self-control study, we included patients who underwent penile CDDU and cavernosography in our hospital. We compared the arterial peak systolic velocity (PSV) of CDDU among different intervals for the diagnosis of arterial ED. We included 357 patients who were under consideration for vascular ED. RESULTS We found significant differences in all the pairwise comparison of PSV in the 1st (0-5 min), 2nd (6-10 min), 3rd (11-15 min), and 4th (16-20 min) 4 intervals after the injection of prostaglandin E1 (p less then 0.001), except the 11-15 min vs.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jsh-23.html  the 16-20 min interval (p=0.387). Using cavernosography, 294 patients were diagnosed with venous ED. Compared with other intervals, the diagnosis of CDDU 11-15 min after the intracavernous injection of 20 ug prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) had the best consistency with cavernosography (Kappa=0.761; p less then 0.001). Compared with other intervals, CDDU at 11-15 min had the highest specificity (93.65%), the highest Youden index (0.85), positive likelihood ratio of 14.46, positive predictive value of 98.54%, negative predictive value of 71.08% and a coincidence rate of 92.16%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the increased utilization of CDDU for the diagnosis of both arterial and venous ED. The diagnosis at 11-15 min after intracavernous injection of PGE1 is accurate and stable, which would help to simplify the process and shorten the time of CDDU.AIM To compare the depth spread of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) measured by histological examination and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) imaging with 30-MHz and 75-MHz probes. MATERIALS AND METHODS HFUS skin imaging was used to examine 27 BCCs. A specialized high-resolution digital ultrasound imaging system DUB (TPM GmbH, Germany) with 75-MHz and 30-MHz probes was used. After HFUS scanning, the BCCs biopsy samples were collected by punch biopsy or surgical excision for the morphological examination. Based on the histomorphology results obtained, the tumors were divided into thin (≤1 mm invasion depth) and thick (>1 mm invasion depth). Each BCC spread depth was measured during the HFUS examination with 75-MHz and 30-MHz ultrasound probes and morphological examination. RESULTS Thin BCCs average invasiondepth measured histologically was 0.494±0.212 mm. Its average depth obtained with HFU examination with 75-MHz and 30-MHz probes was 0.591±0.265 and 0.734±0.123 mm, respectively. High, statistically significant correlation betweenthe histological and 75 MHz HFU measurements was obtained (r=0.870). The correlation was weak (r=0.290) when using a 30 MHz transducer. The average thick BCC invasion depth values obtained with the histological examination and 30 MHz HFUS scanning was 1.845±0.718 mm and 1.995±0.699 mm, respectively. High, statistically significant (r=0.951) correlation between the thick BCC spread depth measured with 30 MHz transducer and histomorphological examination was obtained. CONCLUSIONS In cases of BCCs with thickness of ≤1 mm, there was a high correlation (r=0.870) of the tumor spread depth between micromorphological measurements and the results obtained using a 75 MHz transducer and in cases of BCCs with thickness of >1 mm, a very high correlation (r=0.951) of the tumor spread depth was observed between histomorphometry and30 MHz transducer measurements.AIMS During neck dissection (ND), the vagus nerve (VN) may be exposed to manipulation together with common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. The postsurgical gastroparesis was previous related to the VN injury. The aim of our study was to evaluate by ultrasound the VN changes in patients with unilateral and bilateral ND and to establish if there is a relationship between postoperative findings of VN and postsurgical gastroparesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventeen patients in which 30 ND (4 unilateral and 13 bilateral) were performed, were enrolled in the study. The VN's area and diameter were measured preoperative (baseline), one week (T1) and one month (T2) postoperative. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated at T1 and T2 phases using the patient assessment of the upper gastrointestinal symptom severity index (PAGI-SYM). RESULTS There was a statistical difference between area and diameters of VN between T1 and baseline (p0.999). Gastrointestinal symptoms, found at the T1 phase regressed at T2 phase, were correlated with VN area and diameter changes (p less then 0.