https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bi-3812.html Intraoperative blood loss for laparoscopic PD, hybrid PD, and robotic PD was 250ml, 250ml, and 413ml, respectively. Delayed gastric emptying occurred 12% in laparoscopic cohort, 10% in hybrid, and 53% in robotic cohort. Major complications (Clavien-Dindo III/IV) rate for laparoscopic PD, hybrid PD, and robotic PD was 32%, 37%, and 22% with 5% death in each cohorts, respectively. This analysis of the learning curve of three European centers found a shorter learning curve with hybrid PD as compared to laparoscopic and robotic PD. In implementation of a MIPD program, a stepwise approach might be beneficial. This analysis of the learning curve of three European centers found a shorter learning curve with hybrid PD as compared to laparoscopic and robotic PD. In implementation of a MIPD program, a stepwise approach might be beneficial. Choledocholithiasis is a common complication of cholelithiasis, occurring in up to 18% of patients. Multiple treatments are often performed during the course of the management of choledocholithiasis, sometimes without success. Our study was performed identify the factors predictive of the success of treatment with retrograde endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This was a retrospective, case-control study that used data from a biliary disease database at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Demographic, clinical, radiological and procedure-related variables were compared between patients with successful biliary clearance after one ERCP procedure (Group 1) and those with unsuccessful biliary clearance after one ERCP procedure (Group 2). Three hundred twenty patients were included in Group 1, while 254 were included in Group 2. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, previous biliary exploration, elevated serum total bilirubin, choledocholithiasis above the level of the confluence of tusly published studies, can be used to guide the choice of therapeutic methods for patient