In renal failure, hyperphosphatemia is common and correlates with increased mortality making phosphate removal a key priority for dialysis therapy. We investigated phosphate clearance, removal and serum level, and factors associated with phosphate control in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory (CAPD), continuous cyclic (CCPD) and automated (APD) peritoneal dialysis (PD). In 154 prevalent PD patients (mean age 53.2 ± 17.6 year, 59% men, 47% anuric), 196 daily collections of urine and 368 collections of dialysate were evaluated in terms of renal, peritoneal and total (renal plus peritoneal) phosphorus removal (g/week), phosphate and creatinine clearances (L/week) and urea KT/V. Dialytic removal of phosphorus was lower in APD (1.34 ± 0.62 g/week) than in CAPD (1.89 ± 0.73 g/week) and CCPD (1.91 ± 0.63 g/week) patients; concomitantly, serum phosphorus was higher in APD than in CAPD (5.55 ± 1.61 vs. 4.84 ± 1.23 mg/dL; p  less then  0.05). Peritoneal and total phosphate clearances correlated with peritoneal (rho = 0.93) and total (rho = 0.85) creatinine clearances (p  less then  0.001) but less with peritoneal and total urea KT/V (rho = 0.60 and rho = 0.65, respectively, p  less then  0.001). Phosphate removal, clearance and serum levels differed between PD modalities. CAPD was associated with higher peritoneal removal and lower serum level of phosphate than APD.Different from typical LexA repressors in heterotrophic bacteria exerting SOS response by auto-cleavage, cyanobacterial LexAs, especially that of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S.6803), have been suggested be involved in regulation of a number of genes related to various cellular processes, rather than the typical SOS regulon. When and how cyanobacterial LexAs are triggered to regulate its target genes have remained unknown. In this study, we found the profound repressing effect of LexA on salt-stress inducible genes in S.6803. The repressing activity of LexA was likely to persist during salt stress and the salt response of these genes was mainly achieved by other regulators than LexA, suggesting that the physiological role of LexA is fine-tuning of gene expression in response to environmental changes. Although the amount and oligomeric state of LexA were unchanged upon salt stress, two-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses detected a change in posttranslational modification in a small fraction of LexA molecules, possibly dephosphorylation of Ser173, after 30 min upon the upshift in salt concentration. Activity of LexA in S.6803 may be under gradual control by posttranslational modification to fine-tune gene expression, which is contrasted with the digital switching-off regulation by auto-cleavage in heterotrophic bacteria.The conformation of the German shepherd dog (GSD) varies considerably within the breed. These differences may result in large variation in the movement and limb loading and undesirable consequences to their musculoskeletal health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between conformation and biomechanical measures in 60 GSDs. Full body kinematic and kinetic measures were computed from 3D motion capture and pressure data. The dogs were divided into groups based on their back slope and curvature.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tacrine-hcl.html  Correlation analysis and statistical differences between groups showed that GSDs with a greater back slope have a greater contact area in their forelimbs and place them closer together when standing (n = 60). During trot, the dogs with sloped back showed a greater vertical force in the forelimbs and a greater mid-thoracic flexion (n = 60). Unilateral differences were found in the stifle flexion, hock flexion and hock adduction, suggesting greater movement asymmetry with an increase in the back slope (n = 30). In conclusion, several biomechanical parameters are affected by the GSD's slope of the back and not by its curvature. Further studies are required to determine whether the variation in movement, posture and conformation within the breed relates to an increased susceptibility to musculoskeletal disorders.Each natural mode of the electromagnetic field within a parabolic mirror exhibits spatial localization and polarization properties that can be exploited for the quantum control of its interaction with atomic systems. The region of localization is not restricted to the focus of the mirror leading to a selective response of atomic systems trapped on its vicinity. We report calculations of the spontaneous emission rates for an atom trapped inside the mirror accounting for all atomic polarizations and diverse trapping regions. It is shown that electric dipole transitions can be enhanced near the focus of a deep parabolic mirror with a clear identification of the few vectorial modes involved. Out of the focus the enhancement vanishes gradually, but the number of relevant modes remains small. Ultimately this represents a quantum electrodynamic system where internal and external degrees of freedom cooperate to maximize a selective exchange and detection of single excitations.Chlorella can produce an unusually wide range of metabolites under various nutrient availability, carbon source, and light availability. Glucose, an essential molecule for the growth of microorganisms, also contributes significantly to the metabolism of various metabolic compounds produced by Chlorella. In addition, manipulation of light intensity also induces the formation of secondary metabolites such as pigments, and carotenoids in Chlorella. This study will focus on the effect of glucose addition, and moderate light on the regulation of carotenoid, lipid, starch, and other key metabolic pathways in Chlorella sorokiniana. To gain knowledge about this, we performed transcriptome profiling on C. sorokiniana strain NIES-2168 in response to moderate light stress supplemented with glucose under mixotrophic conditions. A total of 60,982,352 raw paired-end (PE) reads 100 bp in length was obtained from both normal, and mixotrophic samples of C. sorokiniana. After pre-processing, 93.63% high-quality PE reads were obtained, and 18,310 predicted full-length transcripts were assembled.