eeding, and all cases showed an improvement in the intractable headaches.
 
  In patients with ischemic onset-type pediatric moyamoya disease who experience headaches, the platelet aggregation activity is accelerated, and aspirin administration is effective in alleviating headaches by inhibiting platelet activation, detected by the collagen PAT.
 In patients with ischemic onset-type pediatric moyamoya disease who experience headaches, the platelet aggregation activity is accelerated, and aspirin administration is effective in alleviating headaches by inhibiting platelet activation, detected by the collagen PAT.
  Tectocerebellar dysraphia (TCD) is a rare sporadic malformation associated with severe neurodevelopmental morbidity and high infant mortality. The presence of other ciliopathies worsens the prognosis. Joubert syndrome (JS) is a ciliopathy associated with gene mutations, consisting of midbrain and cerebellum malformations, markedly lack fiber decussation at the level of the pontomesencephalic junction.
 
  We report the case of a child who was born term with occipital encephalocele (OE), diagnosed with TCD and JS spectrum through computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), diffuse tensor imaging (DTI), and clinical findings. She had the OE surgically corrected after spontaneous rupture on the second day after delivery. She developed postoperative ventriculitis, meningitis, and hydrocephalus, successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics and cysto-ventriculostomy, cysto-cisternostomy, third ventriculostomy, and choroid plexus coagulation. G-band karyotyping showed 47, XXX, in all analyzed cells (trisomy X). The infant was followed up for 18months, presenting, so far, a relatively good outcome.
 
  This is the first case reported in the literature of the association of TCD/OE/JS spectrum (JSS) with trisomy X (XXX).
 This is the first case reported in the literature of the association of TCD/OE/JS spectrum (JSS) with trisomy X (XXX).
  To determine the functional outcomes and risk factors for outcomes following surgery for lipomyelomeningocele (LMMC).
 
  Data from 109 children with LMMC who underwent surgery from January 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively studied to evaluate functional outcomes and possible risk factors for early- (at discharge from hospital or within 1 month of surgery) and long-term outcomes after surgery.
 
  There were 53 boys and 56 girls with median age of 36 months (IQR 12-90 months; range, 4 months to 18 years) at surgery. At presentation, neurological function was normal (asymptomatic group) in 28 (25.7%) children while there was neurological dysfunction (symptomatic group) in 81 (74.3%).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/amenamevir.html  Near total or radical excision of lipoma was done in 71 (65.1%) children. Six (5.8%) children had deterioration of neurological function in the post-operative period with recovery of function in three of them. There were no statistically significant risk factors for early outcomes. At a mean follow-up of 62.5 months (IQR 35 years of age with incomplete bladder dysfunction regained normal function following surgery. In children who develop symptoms after birth, early surgical intervention can reverse the neurological deficits.
  2 years of age with incomplete bladder dysfunction regained normal function following surgery. In children who develop symptoms after birth, early surgical intervention can reverse the neurological deficits.
  We describe large-scale demographic, initial treatment, and outcomes data for pediatric grade II gliomas included in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2014.
 
  Our cohort included cases less than 21 years of age with pathology-confirmed disease. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the use of chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT). Overall survival (OS) rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test.
 
  We identified 803 cases with astrocytoma (56.2%), oligodendroglioma (26.0%), and mixed glioma/glioma NOS (17.8%) histologies. Most cases underwent surgical resection (n = 661). Whereas cases 16 to 21 years of age were more likely than cases 0 to 5 years to receive RT (OR = 7.38, 95% CI 3.58-15.21, p < 0.001), they were less likely to receive CT (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.22-0.52, p < 0.001). The 5-year OS rates for all cases, cases that underwent surgical resection, and cases managed with biopsy were 87.5%, 92.7%, and 63.6%, respectively.
 
  In one of the largest series of pediatric grade II gliomas, astrocytoma was the most common histology. Patterns of care and OS outcomes were similar to grade I gliomas, with surgical resection being the most common initial treatment and associated with a favorable rate of OS. Younger patients were more likely to receive post-operative CT and the use of RT increased with age.
 In one of the largest series of pediatric grade II gliomas, astrocytoma was the most common histology. Patterns of care and OS outcomes were similar to grade I gliomas, with surgical resection being the most common initial treatment and associated with a favorable rate of OS. Younger patients were more likely to receive post-operative CT and the use of RT increased with age.
  Symptomatic Tarlov cysts in children are not sufficiently reported and treatment methods for Tarlov cysts are still controversial. The goal of this manuscript is to introduce a new variation of the surgical technique.
 
  We performed surgery to eliminate the one-way check valve mechanism of the Tarlov cyst in a 7-year-old female who presented with urinary and fecal incontinence. A relatively large S3 nerve root cyst showed a one-way check valve on computed tomography myelography. The inlet of the check valve was enlarged with rotation flap reconstruction.
 
  Two months after surgery, the patient had established normal sphincter control. MRI performed two years later showed that the treated cyst was collapsing, and no recurrence occurred.
 
  Rotation flap enlargement of the check valve inlet is a safe and efficacious option for the treatment of pediatric patients with sacral Tarlov cysts.
 Rotation flap enlargement of the check valve inlet is a safe and efficacious option for the treatment of pediatric patients with sacral Tarlov cysts.