Dental implant is a revolution in dentistry; some shortages are still a focus of research. This study use long duration of radiofrequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering to coat titanium (Ti) implant with hydroxyapatite (HA) to obtain a uniform, strongly adhered in a few micrometers in thickness.  Two types of substrates discs and root form cylinders were prepared using a grade 1 commercially pure (CP) Ti rod. A RF-magnetron sputtering device was used to coat specimens with HA. Magnetron sputtering was set at 150 W for 22 hours at 100°C under continuous argon gas flow and substrate rotation at 10 rpm. Coat properties were evaluated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, atomic force microscopy, and Vickers hardness (VH). Student's -test was used.  All FESEM images showed a homogeneous, continuous, and crack-free HA coat with a rough surface. EDX analysis revealed inclusion of HA particles within the substrate surface in a calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) ratio (16.58/11.31) close to that of HA. Elemental and EDX analyses showed Ca, Ti, P, and oxygen within Ti. The FESEM views at a cross-section of the substrate showed an average of 7 µm coat thickness. Moreover, these images revealed a dense, compact, and uniform continuous adhesion between the coat layer and the substrate. Roughness result indicated highly significant difference between uncoated Ti and HA coat (p-value < 0.05). A significant improvement in the VH value was observed when coat hardness was compared with the Ti substrate hardness (p-value < 0.05).  Prolonged magnetron sputtering successfully coat Ti dental implants with HA in micrometers thickness which is well adhered essentially in excellent osseointegration.  Prolonged magnetron sputtering successfully coat Ti dental implants with HA in micrometers thickness which is well adhered essentially in excellent osseointegration.  To investigate the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) provision on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression, osteoclast and osteoblast numbers during experimental orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in male Wistar rats ( ).  Forty-eight healthy male Wistar rats ( ), 16 to 20 weeks old with 200 to 250 g body weight (bw) were divided into several groups as follows K1 OTM for 3 days; K2 OTM for 7 days; K3 OTM for 14 days; KP1 OTM and CAPE for 3 days; KP2 OTM and CAPE for 7 days; and KP3 OTM and CAPE for 14 days. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SP600125.html A nickel titanium closed coil spring 8.0 mm long with 10 g/mm was installed between the upper left first molar and upper central incisor to move molar mesially. CAPE provision with a dose of 20 mg/kg bw of animal studies was done per orally. Immunohistochemistry was done to examine MMP-9 expression and osteoclast number in compression side as well as FGF-2 expression and osteoblast number in tensile side of the OTM.  One-way analysis of variance test and Tukey's honest significant difference test were performed to determine the difference between the groups ( < 0.05).  MMP-9 expression and osteoclast numbers in the compression side were significantly different between the groups. Similarly, FGF-2 expression and osteoclast numbers in the tensile side were significantly different between the groups.  CAPE provision during OTM increases the number of osteoblasts and the FGF-2 expression significantly in the tensile side. Osteoclast numbers and MMP-9 expression significantly decrease in the compression side.  CAPE provision during OTM increases the number of osteoblasts and the FGF-2 expression significantly in the tensile side. Osteoclast numbers and MMP-9 expression significantly decrease in the compression side.  The purpose of this study was to compare methods used for calculating heterogeneous patient-specific bone properties used in finite element analysis (FEA), in the field of implant dentistry, with the method based on homogenous bone properties.  In this study, three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography data of an edentulous patient were processed to create a finite element model, and five identical 3D implant models were created and distributed throughout the dental arch. Based on the calculation methods used for bone material assignment, four groups-groups I to IV-were defined. Groups I to III relied on heterogeneous bone property assignment based on different equations, whereas group IV relied on homogenous bone properties. Finally, 150 N vertical and 60-degree-inclined forces were applied at the top of the implant abutments to calculate the von Mises stress and strain.  Groups I and II presented the highest stress and strain values, respectively. Based on the implant location, differences were observed between the stress values of group I, II, and III compared with group IV; however, no clear order was noted. Accordingly, variable von Mises stress and strain reactions at the bone-implant interface were observed among the heterogeneous bone property groups when compared with the homogenous property group results at the same implant positions.  Although the use of heterogeneous bone properties as material assignments in FEA studies seem promising for patient-specific analysis, the variations between their results raise doubts about their reliability. The results were influenced by implants' locations leading to misleading clinical simulations.  Although the use of heterogeneous bone properties as material assignments in FEA studies seem promising for patient-specific analysis, the variations between their results raise doubts about their reliability. The results were influenced by implants' locations leading to misleading clinical simulations.  Multiple lower cranial nerve palsies have been attributed to occipital condyle fractures in older children and adults, but no clinical details of other possible mechanisms have been described in infants.  A 33-month-old boy suffered blunt head trauma. A bilateral skull base fracture was diagnosed, with favorable outcome during the first days after trauma. On the sixth day, the patient began to refuse drinking and developed hoarseness. Physical examination and additional investigations revealed paralysis of left VII, IX, X, and XI cranial nerves. A follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed a left petrous bone fracture involving the lateral margin of the jugular foramen, and a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed a left cerebellar tonsil contusion. He improved after methylprednisolone was started. Three months later, he was asymptomatic, although mild weakness and atrophy of the left sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles remained 1 year later.  A posttraumatic "jugular foramen syndrome" is rare in children, but it has been reported shortly after occipital condyle fracture, affecting mainly IX, X, and XI cranial nerves.