Ulva prolifera cultivated in a range of 10-20°C had a long growth cycle and the NRA decreased with increasing temperature when exceeded 15°C, a positive correlation between algal growth and NRA was observed. This study supports NRA is a suitable proxy of the effects of temperature changes on the ability of Ulva prolifera to uptake and metabolize nitrogen nutrients.
  The evidence on the association between obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence was equivocal. We aimed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and AF recurrence and adverse events.
 
  A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Europe PMC, EBSCO, ProQuest and Cochrane Library. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥28kg/m
  . The primary outcome was AF recurrence, and the secondary outcome was adverse events. Adverse events were defined as procedure-related complications and cardio-cerebrovascular events.
 
  There were a total of 52,771 patients from 20 studies. Obesity was associated with higher AF recurrence (Odds ratio [OR] 1.30 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.47], P<.001; I
  72.7%) and similar rate of adverse events (OR 1.21 [95% CI 0.87-1.67], P=.264; I
  23.9%). Meta-regression showed that the association varies by age (coefficient -0.03, P=.024). Meta-analysis of highest versus lowest BMI showed that the highest group had higher AF recurrence (OR 1.37 [95% CI 1.18-1.58], P<.001; I
  64.9%) and adverse events (OR 2.02 [95% CI 1.08-3.76], P=.028; I
  49.5%). The linear association analysis for AF recurrence was not significant (P=.544). The dose-response relationship for BMI and AF recurrence was nonlinear (p
  <0.001), the curve became steeper at 30-35kg/m
  . For adverse events, an increase of 1% for every 1kg/m
  increase in BMI (OR 1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.02], P=.001), the relationship was nonlinear (p
  =0.001).
 
  Obesity was associated with higher AF recurrence in patients undergoing catheter ablation. High BMI might be associated with a higher risk for adverse events.
 
  CRD42020198787.
 CRD42020198787.Over the course of the last few decades it has become clear that many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders have a synaptic defect, which contributes to pathogenicity. A rise in new techniques, and in particular '-omics'-based methods providing large datasets, has led to an increase in potential proteins and pathways implicated in synaptic function and related disorders. Additionally, advancements in imaging techniques have led to the recent discovery of alternative modes of synaptic vesicle recycling. This has resulted in a lack of clarity over the precise role of different pathways in maintaining synaptic function and whether these new pathways are dysfunctional in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD2281(Olaparib).html  A greater understanding of the molecular detail of pre-synaptic function in health and disease is key to targeting new proteins and pathways for novel treatments and the variety of new techniques currently available provides an ideal opportunity to investigate these functions. This review focuses on techniques to interrogate pre-synaptic function, concentrating mainly on synaptic vesicle recycling. It further examines techniques to determine the underlying molecular mechanism of pre-synaptic dysfunction and discusses methods to identify molecular targets, along with protein-protein interactions and cellular localization. In combination, these techniques will provide an expanding and more complete picture of pre-synaptic function. With the application of recent technological advances, we are able to resolve events with higher spatial and temporal resolution, leading research towards a greater understanding of dysfunction at the presynapse and the role it plays in pathogenicity.
  Corona virus pandemic (COVID 19) has emerged as the single most important topical issue and poses a challenge to medicine. Adolescent school children are exposed to a varying degree.
 
  The study is aimed to determine the knowledge of the mode of spread and preventive practices among college adolescents attending six secondary schools in Enugu metropolis.
 
  This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 6 secondary schools among 500 college adolescents. A pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.
 
  Majority of the respondents, 98.4% were aware of COVID-19. Although, a higher proportion of the respondents, 52.0% were aware COVID-19 could be transmitted through contact with infected persons, only a minor proportion of them, 42.4% had a good knowledge of the mode of spread of COVID-19. However, a high proportion of the respondents, 69.2% practiced good preventive measures against COVID-19. Also, respondents whose parents were self-employed were 1.4 times more likely to have good knowledge of the mode of spread of COVID-19 when compared with those whose parents were on paid employment [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.0]. The respondents whose fathers have attained tertiary education were 1.6 times more likely to have good preventive practices against COVID-19 when compared with those who had secondary school and below (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.04-2.5).
 
  Though college adolescents were aware of COVID-19, not a significant proportion practiced good preventive measures against COVID-19. Knowledge of mode of spread and preventive practices were significantly enhanced by fathers' educational status and being a female adolescent child.
 Though college adolescents were aware of COVID-19, not a significant proportion practiced good preventive measures against COVID-19. Knowledge of mode of spread and preventive practices were significantly enhanced by fathers' educational status and being a female adolescent child.In order to bridge the gap of information between the in silico model and human subjects, we evaluated torsadogenic risk of cisapride, dl-sotalol, bepridil and verapamil selected from 12 training compounds in the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay using the chronic atrioventricular block monkeys. Cisapride (0, 1, and 5 mg/kg, n = 5 for each dose), dl-sotalol (0, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, n = 5 for each dose), bepridil (0, 10, and 100 mg/kg, n = 4 for each dose), verapamil (0, 1.5, 15, and 75 mg/kg, n = 4 for each dose) were orally administered to the monkeys in conscious state. Five mg/kg of cisapride, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg of dl-sotalol and 100 mg/kg of bepridil prolonged ΔΔQTcF, which was not observed by verapamil. Torsade de pointes was induced by 5 mg/kg of cisapride in 2 out of 5 animals, by 10 mg/kg of dl-sotalol in 5 out of 5 and by 100 mg/kg of bepridil in 2 out of 4, which was not induced by verapamil. These torsadogenic doses were normalized by their maximum clinical daily ones to estimate torsadogenic risk.