https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cb1954.html The mean strain ratio for malignant and benign lymph nodes was 22.2±30.1 and 5.2±1.7, respectively (p less then 0.001). With a cut-off value of ≥2.47 of strain ratio, the sensitivity for malignancy was 75% and specificity was 65%. The combined use of positron emission tomography and lymph node score or strain ratio yielded 80.4% and 61.2% sensitivity and 80% and 70.3% specificity for malignancy, respectively. Conclusion Endobronchial ultrasonography elastography is useful in predicting malignancy of the lymph nodes. When combined with positron emission tomography, specificity and positive predictive value for malignancy increase. Copyright © 2020, Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery.Background This study aims to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on lung damage induced by one-lung ventilation in a rat model. Methods A total of 20 healthy, Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two equal groups as control (n=10) and melatonin groups (n=10). The control group underwent 60 min of one-lung ventilation, followed by 30 min of two-lung ventilation. In the melatonin group, the rats were administered 10 mg/kg melatonin intraperitoneally 10 min before the start of the experiment. At the end of both ventilation periods, tissue samples were obtained from the lungs of the control and melatonin groups for biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations. Tissue superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were measured. Lung tissue samples were examined based on the presence and amount of alveolar congestion, intra-alveolar bleeding, and leukocyte and lymphocyte infiltration. Results At the end of the study, lung tissue malondialdehyde (3.8±0.9 vs. 1.8±0.8 μM; p less then 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (47.2±15.0 vs. 21.8±7.2 pg/mL; p less then 0.001) of the melatonin group were found to significantly decrease, compared to the control group. Superoxide