caninum and presence of IgM antibodies are indicative of recent infection. Further studies are needed to establish the possibility of active infection.
  To characterize the performance of 5th grade students from public and private elementary schools in auditory processing, receptive vocabulary, and reading comprehension.
 
  The study sample was composed of 34 Elementary School (5th grade) students 16 from public school (PubG) and 18 from private school (PrivG), whose parents and teachers responded to questionnaires on their language development, socioeconomic level, and academic performance. The auditory skills of figure-ground, association between auditory and visual stimuli, figure-ground for linguistic sounds, binaural integration, temporal ordering, and temporal resolution were assessed using the following auditory behavioral instruments Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI) test, Dichotic Digits Test (DDT), Auditec® Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), and Gaps-in-Noise (GIN) test. Receptive vocabulary and reading comprehension were evaluated using the TVF-usp and PROLEC tests, respectively.
 
  Statistically significant differences were observed between the soperformance was observed in the most economically favored children. Elementary School (5th grade) students from both school networks present developed reading.
 There are differences in performance between students from private and public schools. Public school children presented right ear advantage in the dichotic task, whereas private school children showed more efficient mechanisms and strategies regarding auditory stimuli for the tasks of binaural integration, temporal ordering, and interhemispheric transfer. Temporal resolution reached values expected for the adult population in both groups. Better vocabulary performance was observed in the most economically favored children. Elementary School (5th grade) students from both school networks present developed reading.
  the use of language assessment instruments in the area of speech-language-therapy is essential for the diagnosis and, consequently, for therapeutic planning.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk963.html  In Brazil, there is a shortage of instruments constructed and validated in the morphosyntax area. Morphosyntactic Evaluation Protocol (MEP) was constructed based on the main syntactic characteristics of the period of acquisition of children's language, on the Portuguese grammatical structure and the application in a pilot study.
 
  To verify the validity of MEP content.
 
  for the validation process, the instrument was applied and analyzed through a questionnaire by three judges, a linguist and two speech-language specialists with experience in assisting children with Language Development Disorder. The Index of Judges' Reliability was used to compare the results of the protocol application and the Cronbach's Alpha tests, Spearman-Brown and Content Validity Index (CVI) in the questionnaire responses.
 
  the statistical tests applied in the validation of content legitimized the reliability of the instrument with indexes considered substantial for both alpha coefficients, higher than 0.80, Spearman and the CVI test had a maximum concept of 1.0.
 
  there were compliance and compatibility in the answers of the experts, which indicates the reliability of the instrument. The results of the statistical tests legitimize the reliability of the instrument with indexes considered substantial for alpha and Spearman coefficient. In the future, the protocol may help characterize the syntactic profile of children with language developmental disorder.
 there were compliance and compatibility in the answers of the experts, which indicates the reliability of the instrument. The results of the statistical tests legitimize the reliability of the instrument with indexes considered substantial for alpha and Spearman coefficient. In the future, the protocol may help characterize the syntactic profile of children with language developmental disorder.
  The changes in gustatory function resulting from oncological treatment occur mainly after radiotherapy. However, the head and neck tumors, because of the anatomical location of the lesion, can themselves trigger significant changes in the feeding-related functions - including taste. To assess the gustatory function in patients diagnosed with advanced oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer.
 
  This descriptive cross-sectional study comprised 31 individuals with advanced oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer, referred for oncological treatment with radiotherapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. The "taste strips" test was applied; it consists of inserting solutions with four different concentrations each for salty, sweet, and sour tastes, and three concentrations for the bitter taste, on the tongue.
 
  Most of the individuals were diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer. Approximately half of the sample already had taste-related complaints, and more than 80%, swallowing-related complaints. The overall frequency of hypogeusia was 38.7%, in which the bitter taste stood out in its isolated assessment. The association of change in gustatory function proved to be significant in patients in stage T4.
 
  The decrease in gustatory function in individuals with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer was evidenced in this study, especially when associated with tumors in stage T4. Regarding feeding, most of them reported complaints of dysphagia, suggesting the importance of the speech-language-hearing assessment and follow-up, even before the oncological treatment, to minimize the risks of dysphagia.
 The decrease in gustatory function in individuals with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer was evidenced in this study, especially when associated with tumors in stage T4. Regarding feeding, most of them reported complaints of dysphagia, suggesting the importance of the speech-language-hearing assessment and follow-up, even before the oncological treatment, to minimize the risks of dysphagia.
  This study aims to measure the pressure of the pharynx and the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) at rest and during phonation in total laryngectomized patients, with different levels of voice production.
 
  four total laryngectomized individuals participated in the study, All patients underwent High Resolution Manometry (MAR) at rest and during phonation. After this process, a descriptive analysis of the results was performed.
 
  we observed that during rest the patients had PES pressure below normal and this data may be related to changes in the muscular connections at the level of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) especially the interruption of the cricopharyngeal plexus. During phonation, two patients presented higher UES pressure values during phonation, when compared to the values found at rest, suggesting that introduction of air into the esophagus is followed by pharyngoesophageal contraction and that during phonation the patients with good esophageal speech may develop more pressure in this region.
 
  Studies with a greater number of participants may help define, for example, subjects who may benefit from procedures such as cricopharyngeal myotomy or other medical conduct in order to facilitate the acquisition of esophageal voice in these patients.