A higher number of sand flies were collected during the warmest months, from December to March (Mann-Whitney statistical test - P less then 0.001). Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in Lu. gaminarai (2), Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926) (1) and Mg. migonei (1).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gpna.html  Leishmania braziliensis DNA was detected in Lu. gaminarai (1) and Pi. fischeri (1). Our results add support to the possible vector role of Pi. fischeri in the epidemiological cycle of Le. infantum in Brazil. Furthermore, the first documented detection of Leishmania DNA in Lu. gaminarai may be indicative of multiple vectors being involved in the Leishmania cycle within Porto Alegre. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical significance of SF3B1/DNMT3A Comutations with SF3B1 or DNMT3A mutation alone in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). METHODS We identified and compared 31 patients with only DNMT3A mutation, 48 patients with only SF3B1 mutation, and 16 patients with only SF3B1/DNMT3A comutations. RESULTS SF3B1/DNMT3A comutations were found to be more common in MDS, whereas DNMT3A mutation alone was more common in CCUS. The patients with SF3B1/DNMT3A comutations were less likely to have poor cytogenetics than patients with DNMT3A mutation alone. Patients with SF3B1/DNMT3A comutations showed significantly longer median survival time and better overall survival than patients with DNMT3A mutation alone. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SF3B1/DNMT3A comutations appear to have better clinical outcomes than patients with isolated DNMT3A mutation. These findings suggest that the favorable prognosis of SF3B1 mutation in is not abrogated by the concurrent presence of a DNMT3A mutation. © American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.INTRODUCTION Sepsis is currently the leading cause of death in burned patients. There are few studies on sepsis in burned patients at Intensive Care Unit (ICU). OBJECTIVE To determine demographic profile, clinical presentation, evolution, procedures, and treatments used for burned patients affected by sepsis. METHODS Retrospective study in medical records of severe burned adult patients who developed sepsis between November 2015 and May 2018 in a university hospital in Curitiba, Brazil. Patients' details about hospitalization and sepsis were collected. RESULTS Were included 44 patients, 75% men, and mean age of 42.1±16.88 years. The median total body surface area (TBSA) was 50% that was significantly associated with mortality (p=0.013). Outcome of death was observed in 50% of the patients. The median duration of hospitalization was 35 days, and in the ICU was 21.5 days. Orotracheal intubation and tracheostomy were the most prevalent aggravating procedures conducted during the hospitalization (77.2% and 56.8%, respectively). The median time to the first sepsis episode was 7 days, and the average total time in sepsis was 13.2 days. The median length of hospital stay among patients with septic shock who died was significantly lower than that of patients who did not die (p=0.031). Blood culture was positive in 79.5% of cases, with the majority being typical ICU bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Sepsis occurs more frequently in patients with higher TBSA and long hospitalization time accompanied by aggravating procedures and complications. Infections were caused by typical ICU bacteria, resulting in 50% patient mortality primarily due to septic shock. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Burn Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Cancers are routinely classified into subtypes according to various features, including histopathological characteristics and molecular markers. Previous genome-wide association studies have reported heterogeneous associations between loci and cancer subtypes. However, it is not evident what is the optimal modeling strategy for handling correlated tumor features, missing data, and increased degrees-of-freedom in the underlying tests of associations. We propose to test for genetic associations using a mixed-effect two-stage polytomous model score test (MTOP). In the first stage, a standard polytomous model is used to specify all possible subtypes defined by the cross-classification of the tumor characteristics. In the second stage, the subtype-specific case-control odds ratios are specified using a more parsimonious model based on the case-control odds ratio for a baseline subtype, and the case-case parameters associated with tumor markers. Further, to reduce the degrees-of-freedom, we specify case-case parameters for additional exploratory markers using a random-effect model. We use the Expectation-Maximization algorithm to account for missing data on tumor markers. Through simulations across a range of realistic scenarios and data from the Polish Breast Cancer Study (PBCS), we show MTOP outperforms alternative methods for identifying heterogeneous associations between risk loci and tumor subtypes. The proposed methods have been implemented in a user-friendly and high-speed R statistical package called TOP (https//github.com/andrewhaoyu/TOP). Published by Oxford University Press 2020. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.BACKGROUND We aimed at constructing a composite score based on EBVd and simple clinical and immunological parameters to predict late severe infection (LI) beyond month 6 in SOT recipients. METHODS Kidney and liver transplant recipients between May 2014-August 2016 at four participating centers were included. Serum immunoglobulins and complement factors, peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, and whole-blood EBVd were determined at months 1, 3 and 6. Cox regression analyses were performed to generate a weighted score for the prediction of LI. RESULTS Overall, 309 SOT recipients were followed-up for a median of 1,000 days from transplant (IQR 822-1124). LI occurred in 104 patients (33.6%). The CLIV score consisted of the following variables at month 6 high-level EBVd (>1,500 IU/ml) and recurrent infection during the previous months (6 points); recipient age ≥70 years and chronic graft dysfunction (5 points); CMV mismatch (4 points); and CD8+ T-cell count less then 400 cells/μL (2 points). The auROC curve was 0.