objectives During laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP), the optimal site for pancreatic division with consideration of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is unclear. We evaluate which site of pancreatic division, neck or body, has better outcomes after LDP.
 
  This was a retrospective, observational study. LDP was performed in 102 consecutive patients between December 2009 and May 2020. After excluding 14 patients with pancreatic division at tail, 88 patients (pancreatic division at neck n=46, at body n=42) were included in this study. Short- and long-term outcomes after LDP were compared between pancreatic division at neck and body.
 
  The pancreatic transection site was thicker at body than at neck (17.5 vs. 11.9mm, P<0.001), although there were no significant differences of pancreatic texture and pancreatic duct size. The Grade B/C POPF rate was significantly higher when the pancreas was divided at body than when divided at neck (21.4 vs. 6.5%, P=0.042). We found no significant differences between pancreatic division at neck and body in residual pancreatic volume (34.0 vs. 34.8ml, P=0.855), incidence of new-onset or worsening diabetes mellitus more than six months after LDP (P=0.218), or body weight change (six-month P=0.116, one-year P=0.108, two-year P=0.195, tree-year P=0.131, four-year P=0.608, five-year P=0.408).
 
  This study suggests that the pancreatic division at neck might reduce the Grade B/C POPF incidence after LDP, compared to division at body. A potential reason is that the pancreas at body is thicker than that at neck. However, further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm our results.
 This study suggests that the pancreatic division at neck might reduce the Grade B/C POPF incidence after LDP, compared to division at body. A potential reason is that the pancreas at body is thicker than that at neck. However, further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm our results.
  The aims of this study were to compare the metastatic patterns of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) of head and body/tail and to determine the prognostic factors.
 
  Data of metastatic PDAC (MPC) between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was extracted and analyzed. The correlation analyses of metastatic patterns were also conducted. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyze prognosis.
 
  A total of 27470 eligible MPC patients were collected from SEER database. Patients in the head group had a higher proportion of single-metastasis while those in the body/tail group had a higher proportion of two-site metastases. Similar distributions of metastatic sites were observed in cases with single-metastasis between two groups. Patients with liver and peritoneum metastases in the head group had significantly higher overall survival (OS) rates than those in the body/tail group. Also, the OS rates stratified by varied tumor sites did not differ significantly in patients with bone, brain, and lung metastases. Chemotherapy could prolong survival in almost all MPC patients while radiotherapy or surgery could only benefit certain types of metastases. Tumor site, therapy and vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors of OS in MPC patients.
 
  MPC of the head and body/tail presented with different metastatic patterns. Chemotherapy benefited patients with metastases while surgery and radiotherapy could only prolong survival in patients with liver and peritoneum metastases. Our findings may provide more details for the precise management of patients with MPC in clinical practice.
 MPC of the head and body/tail presented with different metastatic patterns. Chemotherapy benefited patients with metastases while surgery and radiotherapy could only prolong survival in patients with liver and peritoneum metastases. Our findings may provide more details for the precise management of patients with MPC in clinical practice.
  Central airway stenosis (CAS) is a severe airway complication after lung transplantation associated with bronchial ischemia and necrosis. We sought to determine whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), an established treatment for tissue ischemia, attenuates post-transplant bronchial injury.
 
  We performed a randomized, controlled trial comparing usual care with HBOT (2 atm absolute for 2 hours × 20 sessions) in subjects with extensive airway necrosis 4 weeks after transplantation. Endobronchial biopsies were collected at 4, 7, and 10 weeks after transplantation for a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Coprimary outcomes were incidence of airway stenting and acute cellular rejection (ACR) at 1 year.
 
  The trial was stopped after enrolling 20 subjects (n = 10 per group) after a pre-planned interim analysis showed no difference between usual care and HBOT groups in stenting (both 40%), ACR (70% and 40%, respectively), or CAS (40% and 60%, respectively). Time to first stent placement (median [interquartile range]) was significantly shorter in the HBOT group (150 [73-150] vs 186 [167-206] days, p < 0.05). HIF gene expression was significantly increased in donor tissues at 4, 7, and 10 weeks after transplantation but was not altered by HBOT.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/beta-aminopropionitrile.html  Subjects who developed CAS or required stenting had significantly higher HMOX1 and VEGFA expression at 4 weeks (both p < 0.05). Subjects who developed ACR had significant FLT1, TIE2, and KDR expression at 4 weeks (all p < 0.05).
 
  Incidence of CAS is high after severe, established airway necrosis after transplantation. HBOT does not reduce CAS severity or stenting. Elevated HMOX1 and VEGFA expressions appear to associate with airway complications.
 Incidence of CAS is high after severe, established airway necrosis after transplantation. HBOT does not reduce CAS severity or stenting. Elevated HMOX1 and VEGFA expressions appear to associate with airway complications.Cancer cells increase their metabolic activity by enhancing glucose uptake through overexpression of hexose transporters (Gluts). Gluts also have the capacity to transport other molecules besides glucose, including fructose, mannose, and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidized form of vitamin C. The majority of research studies in this field have focused on the role of glucose transport and metabolism in cancer, leaving a substantial gap in our knowledge of the contribution of other hexoses and DHA in cancer biology. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in understanding the role that the multifunctional transport capacity of Gluts plays in biological and clinical aspects of cancer, and how these characteristics can be exploited in the search for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.