Simulium (Simulium) contractum Takaoka from Sulawesi, Indonesia was known only as the pupa. Its female, male and mature larva are described for the first time. The tentative assignment of this species in the Simulium dumogaense species-group is confirmed by the adult characters including the female and male genitalia. The female and male of this species are similar to those of Simulium (Simulium) tumpaense Takaoka and Roberts but are distinguished by the yellowish femora.Corona virus (COVID-19) infection has been growing as a biggest threat to human society. World Health Organization (WHO) has already declared it as a pandemic for the whole world, with nearly six million positive cases. Highly contagious nature of the virus has challenged the medical facilities of all the developed and developing country health system. Early identification of the infection is very important to provide medical facilities and cease the chain of infection to new persons. The symptoms such as fever, dry cough, breathing issues generally show in patients not before 5-7 days. However, the patients feel the loss of smell or taste (anosmia) as early as second day onwards due to the presence of virus in nose and throat. Low-cost techniques such as SniffIn-sticks ® Smell Test and UPSIT etc. can be used to test anosmia along with medically approved olfactory test leading to identification of COVID-19 infections. With leading researchers findings anosmia test will be effective in breaking the chain infection of COVID-19 virus. In the exit ports, anosmia test kits may be added to thermal testing to identify the infected patients with low symptoms. Additionally, home test kits may be developed at low cost and supplied for large scale testing of the infection.Third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacteriaceae (TCRE) is a global concern especially in neonatal sepsis. We performed a secondary data analysis in a Thai neonatal intensive care unit to identify the risk factors for acquisition of TCRE sepsis and mortality of Enterobacteriaceae sepsis between 1991 and 2017. Multivariate logistic and Cox proportional regression were used for analysis. Numbers of neonates with TCRE and nonTCRE sepsis were 100 and 41 patients, respectively. Medians (interquartile ranges) of gestational age, birthweight, onset of sepsis and total hospital stay of neonates with Enterobacteriaceae sepsis were 32 (28, 38) weeks, 1670 (1025, 2750) grams, 11 (6, 25) days and 41 (22, 74) days, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis, neonates with TCRE sepsis were more likely to have birth asphyxia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-6.0; p = 0.02) and history of aminoglycoside exposure (aOR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.3- 6.7; p = 0.01). In-hospital case fatality rate from Enterobacteriaceae sepsis was 26% (36/141). In Cox regression, neonates with TCRE sepsis was not an independent risk of non-survivors, but septic shock (adjusted hazard ratio = 9.9; 95% CI 5.0-19.7, p less then 0.001) increased 30-day mortality in the final model. Asphyxia and previous aminoglycoside consumption were risks of acquisition for neonatal TCRE sepsis while the burden was not a significant difference. Infection prevention and control must be strictly implemented in high multidrug-resistant area.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered an opportunistic pathogen, causing a wide variety of infections in compromised hosts, also frequently develops multi-resistance to antibiotics and can colonize various habitats, including water systems. The main aim of this study was to investigate antibiotics susceptibility pattern, genotypic diversity and detection of resistence genes in P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical and aquatic environment sources. Of the 220 P. aeruginosa isolates examined, 48 were clinical isolates and 172 isolates from wastewater and freshwater. Susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents was carried out by disk diffusion method. Clinical and environmental isolates were screened for the presence of the genes encoding blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-9, blaPER-1, blaOXA-10, blaIMP-1, blaVIM-2 and blaampC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were examined with PCR-SSCP analysis of partial DNAr 16S sequence. Isolates were mainly resistant to cefoxitin. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) strains were found in 70% and 90.3% of the clinical and environmental isolates, respectively. The prevalence rates of â-lactamase genes were recorded (blaKPC-2 41.3%, blaVIM-2 36.8%, blaIMP-1 13.6%, blaCTX-M-9 10.9% and blaampC 10.5%,). The PCR-SSCP analysis showed three conformational patterns. All clinical isolates and most environmental isolates were grouped into a single cluster. In this study, we found that P. aeruginosa strains recovered from city water systems must be considered potential reservoir for ESBL genes, especially blaKPC-2 and blaVIM-2.Studies profiling community and zonal malaria entomological risk indices are required to identify high risk areas where targeted control resources are most needed or likely to have the greatest impact on reducing risk of malaria infection. This study presents a first report on malaria vector risk indices in two vegetation zones within Adamawa state, Nigeria. Endophilic mosquitoes were collected for one year in selected communities in the Guinea and Sudan savanna zones within the State. Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite and human blood meal ELISA assays were carried out on the female Anopheles mosquitoes collected. Sibling species composition of the An.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tocilizumab.html  gambiae complex were determined using PCR assays. Mean numbers of mosquitoes in the Guinea savanna communities were significantly (t = 7.73, DF = 11, p less then 0.001) higher than the Sudan. Man-biting rates (F = 2.76, p = 0.13) of Anopheles mosquitoes were higher in the Guinea but not significantly different from Sudan savanna. Sporozoite rates of mosquitoes within the Guinea savanna were 2.7 times higher than the Sudan. The predominant Anopheles coluzzii species encountered in the state had higher overall human blood indices (0.63) and sporozoite rates (6.9%) compared to An. gambiae (0.39, 1.9%) and An. arabiensis (0.58, 2.3%) respectively. Overall annual human blood indices (0.59) of mosquitoes in Adamawa were lower compared to reports from other States. Prevalence and higher transmission risks indices of endophilic An. coluzzii mosquitoes reveal the need for LLIN and management of relatively permanent An. coluzzii breeding sites in the State. Widespread cattle rearing lifestyle and lower human blood indices of mosquitoes in the study area suggest the need to investigate cattle blood indices of the mosquitoes in the state. Higher entomological risk indices in the Guinea Savanna zone provide baseline information for prioritization of malaria vector control supplies within the State.