https://www.selleckchem.com/products/muramyl-dipeptide.html Microalgae are source of third generation biofuel having the key advantage of high lipid productivity. In recent times, biorefinery is seen as promising option to further reduce the production cost of microalgae biofuel. However, exact energy balance analysis has not been performed on important biorefinery routes. In this aspect, three biorefinery routes, all based on lipid based biorefinery route are evaluated for economical production of microalgal biofuel and valorised products. Biorefinery route 1 involves production of biodiesel, pigments, and animal feed. Biorefinery route 2 involves biogas and pigments production and two stage fermentation, and third biorefinery route involves bio-hydrogen and pigments production. Finally, the technoeconomic assessment of three biorefinery routes were reviewed, net energy savings, and life-cycle costing approaches to economize microalgal biorefinery are suggested. BACKGROUND Transplant psychiatry is a subspecialty of consultation-liaison psychiatry that focused on evaluation, treatment, and research of mental health problems in organ transplant recipients and organ donors. To date, there is no literature about training programs that would ensure psychiatrists acquire the necessary knowledge and skills required to meet the clinical needs of these patients. OBJECTIVES The author describes the implementation of an online curriculum in transplant psychiatry created at the request of physicians located outside the United States. METHOD A 3-session online interactive course focused on knowledge relevant to transplant psychiatry was held in the fall of 2018. While the instructor was based in the United States, all attendees were located in Pakistan. The impact of the course was evaluated via precourse and postcourse surveys assessing knowledge level, interest in transplant psychiatry, and level of comfort with transplant psychiatry evaluations in the pretransplantation and