014) and beta-titanium ( = 0.013) had increased root mean square. Maximum height was also noticed in nickel-titanium ( = 0.031) and beta-titanium ( = 0.016). Surface roughness and the level of friction of the orthodontic wires increase significantly for nickel-titanium and beta-titanium after the clinical use. There is a difference in increase of surface roughness of the archwire within and between the bracket slots. Nickel-titanium and beta-titanium wires show more roughness and resultant higher friction levels after use in the oral cavity. Hence, care related to plaque accumulation is essential. Nickel-titanium and beta-titanium wires show more roughness and resultant higher friction levels after use in the oral cavity. Hence, care related to plaque accumulation is essential. To compare the effect of three different intracanal medicaments, namely, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ), and aloe vera, on the root dentine microhardness. A total of 50 extracted mandibular bicuspids were prepared using ProTaper Next rotary files. The roots of the bicuspids were alienated to three groups ( = 10 each) and one control group (untreated; = 20). In three groups, the root canals were filled with MTAP, Ca(OH) , and aloe vera medicaments. After 21 days, medicaments were removed by Endo activator. Mean Knoop hardness numbers were calculated after treatment and compared with the untreated control group. Data were evaluated using the Student's test (paired), ANOVA (one-way) followed, and the test. All treated groups except the aloe vera group had shown significant reduction ( < 0.05) in microhardness of the root dentin as compared with the untreated control group. The aloe vera group showed least reduction of microhardness and was statistically insignificant ( > 0.05). Aloe vera shows promising results in terms of fewer effects on microhardness of the root dentin compared to MTAP and Ca(OH) . Elimination of most of the bacterial infection from the root canal and very minimum to no effect on the microhardness of the dentin in the root part are the basics of success in any endodontic treatment. Further studies are required to compare the efficacy of these intracanal medicaments. Elimination of most of the bacterial infection from the root canal and very minimum to no effect on the microhardness of the dentin in the root part are the basics of success in any endodontic treatment. Further in vivo studies are required to compare the efficacy of these intracanal medicaments. To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and the fracture modes of four bulk-fill resin composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill/Ivoclar Vivadent, Filtek Bulk Fill/3M ESPE, Venus Bulk Fill/Heraus Kulzer, and Filtek Bulk Fill Flow/3M ESPE) and one conventional incrementally filled resin composite (Filtek Z250/3M ESPE) inserted in class I cavities, after 24 hours and 6 months of water storage. In all, 30 sound human extracted molars were divided into five restorative groups. Standardized class I cavities were prepared and restored following the manufacturer's instructions. The restored teeth were then assigned into one of the storage times (24 hours or 6 months). The molars were then cut into 1 mm sticks and submitted to μTBS. All fractured specimens were analyzed under a stereomicroscope (40×). Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test was applied for comparison between groups; and paired test for comparison within storage times ( = 0.05). After 24 hours of st composites and the reduction in the operative time, make the bulk-fill resin composites a restorative option for posterior teeth restorations. Single increment restorations in high C-factor cavities with bulk-fill resin composites did not reduce μTBS after 24 hours or 6 months of storage. The comparable results to the conventional incrementally filled resin composites and the reduction in the operative time, make the bulk-fill resin composites a restorative option for posterior teeth restorations. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of different dental varnishes in prevention of demineralization of enamel along the orthodontic brackets. A total of 60 premolars that do not have caries and were extracted for orthodontic purposes were used in this study. Transbond™ Plus was used to bond premolar brackets onto the treated surface of enamel. The teeth were then divided into three groups. Group I Profluorid varnish, group II CPP-ACP varnish, and group III Duraflor™ varnish. A Vickers diamond indenter was used to assess the microhardness of the surface of enamel at baseline, fourth day, and seventh day. A slightly meaner surface microhardness (SMH; 334.20 ± 2.10) was seen in group III when compared with group I (332.16 ± 3.02) and group II (330.40 ± 2.02). The mean SMH was 342.02 ± 0.82 in group I on the fourth day which was slightly higher than that of the baseline values, followed by group III (339.48 ± 0.34) and group II (336.64 ± 1.14). No statistically significant differences were noted revent demineralization in regular dental practice. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of the use of second-generation and third-generation LED light-curing units (LCUs) on the degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness (VHN) of bulk-fill resin composites. Thirty cylindrical specimens (each = 5) of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, Filtek™ Bulk-Fill Posterior Restorative, and SDR flow were prepared in metal molds (5 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness) and cured with second-generation LED (SmartLite® Focus®, Dentsply Sirona) and third-generation LED (Bluephase® style, Ivoclar Vivadent) resulting in six groups. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/guanidine-thiocyanate.html Degree of conversion was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microhardness with Vickers microhardness tester. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and least significance difference (LSD) test, and DC and microhardness were correlated using Pearson's correlation ( = 0.05). There was a significant difference between DC and VHN between all groups of bulk-fill which were cured by second-generation LED curing light and third-generation LED curing light.