PURPOSE To find clinical demographics of pterygium surgery and prevalence of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in pterygium specimen. METHODS This is a retrospective, institutional study. The records of patients who had received pterygium excision from 2000 to 2014 were reviewed. Patients after complete ophthalmic "examinations", surgical procedures, and pathological reports were enrolled. Surgical procedures, pathology, external eye photography, prevalence of CIN in specimen, and demographic data were described. RESULTS Of 1787 pterygium cases, 928 were male and 859 were female. The mean age was 65.19 ± 14.21 years. Of these 1787 cases, 1435 (80.3%) cases had primary pterygium excision, while the others (n = 352; 19.7%) had pterygium excision for recurrence. Four cases presented CIN within pterygium tissue (0.22%). The mean age of pterygium patients with CIN was 57.75 ± 7.80 years. In stratified data, our patients who received primary and secondary pterygium excision were found prevalent in the eighth (28.2%) and seventh (26.1%) decade, respectively. Twelve percent of patients who underwent secondary pterygium excision had a recurrence and required another surgery. Patients requiring amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) during primary pterygium excision were significantly younger (median, 58 years) than those (median, 67 years) without the assistance of AMT (p  less then  0.001). Similarly, AMT was utilized in younger patients (median, 56 years) during secondary pterygium excision, compared to those without AMT (median, 64 years) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION CIN combined with pterygium is very rare. However, the possibility of the development of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in pterygium tissue should not be ignored. Meticulous pathological investigation of the surgical samples is important.PURPOSE To discuss the clinical presentation and management of intraocular tumors masquerading as primary glaucoma or non-tumor-related secondary glaucoma. METHODS Retrospective chart review. RESULTS Ten patients with unsuspected intraocular tumor were referred to glaucoma clinic with a diagnosis of primary glaucoma or non-tumor-related secondary glaucoma. The mean age at referral was 25 years (median, 22 years; range, 1 day to 58 years). Referral diagnosis included neovascular glaucoma (n = 6), congenital glaucoma (n = 3), and angle-closure glaucoma (n = 1). The significant clinical signs included corneal edema (n = 3), megalocornea (n = 3), iris neovascularization (n = 4), hyphema (n = 2), and pseudohypopyon (n = 2). The mean interval between the onset of symptoms and the establishment of accurate diagnosis was 4 months (median, 3 months; range, 0.5-13 months). Two patients underwent inadvertent trabeculectomy, and one patient underwent evisceration prior to definitive diagnosis. The final diagnosis included uveal melanocytoma (n = 2), ciliary body medulloepithelioma (n = 2), choroidal melanoma (n = 2), retinoblastoma (n = 1), retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (n = 1), choroidal schwannoma (n = 1), and uveal metastasis (n = 1). The treatment modalities included plaque radiotherapy (n = 1), enucleation (n = 6), palliative systemic chemotherapy (n = 1), a combination of enucleation, systemic chemotherapy, and external beam radiotherapy (n = 1), and one patient was lost to follow-up. There was no evidence of death over a mean follow-up period of 13 months (median, 5 months; range, 2 weeks to 7 years). CONCLUSION Unilateral raised intraocular pressure, iris neovascularization, or both may be the presenting features of intraocular tumors. High degree of suspicion and a thorough examination reveals the definitive diagnosis.A number of cognitive abilities have been reported to predict outcome following a non-traumatic acquired brain injury (ABI) in adults. However, the results are inconsistent. Furthermore, the unique and combined capacity of these cognitive abilities to predict ABI outcome has not been evaluated. Consequently, we employed meta-analysis and multiple regression to evaluate the capacity of various neuropsychological domains to predict two separate outcome variables in adults (1) activities of daily living; and (2) quality of life. Based on the activities of daily living meta-analysis (N = 2384), we estimated the following significant bivariate effects memory (r = .31, 95% CI .20/.41]), language (r = .33, 95% CI.26/.40), attention (r = .38, 95% CI .30/.46]), executive functions (r = .29, 95% CI .19/.39]), and visuospatial abilities (r = .41, 95% CI .34/ .48). Based on the quality of life meta-analysis (N = 1037), we estimated the following significant bivariate effects memory (r = .12, 95% CI .03/.20]), language (r = .19, 95% CI .06/ .32), attention (r = .30, 95% CI .16/.44]), executive functions (r = .24, 95% CI .12/.37) and visuospatial/constructional abilities (r = .30, 95% CI .14/.46). Meta-analytic structural equation modelling (metaSEM) identified two significant, unique predictors of activities of daily living, attention and visuospatial abilities, and the model accounted for 21% of the variance (multiple R2 = .21, 95%CI .16/.26). For the corresponding quality of life metaSEM, no statistically significant unique predictors were identified, however, a significant multiple correlation was observed, multiple R2 = .11 (95%CI 04/.18). We conclude that practitioners may be able to predict, with some degree of accuracy, functional outcome following a stroke and other non-traumatic ABI in adults. We also provide some critical commentary on the nature and quality of the measures used in this area of research to represent the cognitive dimensions of interest.Seven strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were isolated from 2014 to 2017 in the Shandong province of China and their genomes were sequenced and analyzed. Results showed that all seven of the isolates belong to PRRSV 2, and are clustered into four lineages (lineage 1, 3, 5 and 8) based on comparisons of the ORF5 gene. Comparative analysis of genomes and specific amino acid sites revealed that three of the strains (SDwh1402, SDwh1602 and SDwh1701) have evolved directly from modified live virus (MLV) JXA1-P80, TJM-F92 and IngelvacPRRS. Further recombination analysis revealed that two of the strains (SDyt1401 and SDwh1601) were the result of a recombination event between MLVs JXA1-P80 and NADC30 while two other strains (SDwh1403 and SDqd1501) were the result of recombination between MLVs IngelvacPRRS and NADC30 and HP-PRRSV and QYYZ, respectively.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gcn2ib.html  Our results add to the data on MLV evolution and PRRSV recombination and provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of PRRSV in China.