Сhanges in purine metabolism are involved in the pathogenetic patterns of GAC and PAC, reflect the course of the tumor process, are associated with tumor localization and have prognostic significance. Сhanges in purine metabolism are involved in the pathogenetic patterns of GAC and PAC, reflect the course of the tumor process, are associated with tumor localization and have prognostic significance. Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. New options for its treatment including the use of the substances of natural origin are now on the agenda. An attempt has been taken to examine the effect of ethanolic extract (EE) of edible mushroom Calocybe indica on PANC-1and MIAPaCa2cell lines of pancreatic cancer in vitro. Study of cell morphology, evaluation of apoptosis by DAPI staining under florescence microscope, anti-proliferative study by MTT assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic protein detection by Western blotting were performed to test effects of Calocybe indica EE on the cells of these two lines. Effect on in vitro migration was studied by scratch method. Both cell lines treated with 250or 500µg/mL of EE underwent morphological changes- became more round and shrunken, with membrane blebbing and the reduced cell confluence. The nuclei of treated cells became condensed and fragmented. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased as EE concentration increased from 100µg/mL to 500µg/mL. Anti-proliferative effect was recorded at all concentrations within 100-750µg/mL. The effect EE on lactate dehydrogenase leakage was concentration-dependent in both cell lines. Western blotting showed that caspase-3and -9, and p53protein levels were increased and BcL2protein was decreased after treatment of the cells with EE compared to the control. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/camostat-mesilate-foy-305.html PANC-1cell migration was inhibited by 80.12± 4.25% after 24h treatment of the cells with 500µg/mL EE compared to the control. EE of Calocybe indica inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. EE of Calocybe indica inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. Two epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation have been known as critical players of gene regulation. Hypermethylation and deacetylation of suppressors of cytokine signaling family SOCS-1and SOCS-3have been shown in many solid cancers. Previously, we evaluated the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and valproic acid on hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer cells. The present study was designed to assess the effect of valproic acid in comparison to zebularine on SOCS-1and SOCS-3gene expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon carcinoma SW48cell line. SW48cells were treated with valproic acid or zebularine for 24h and 48h. The effect of the compounds on cell viability, SOCS-1and SOCS-3gene expression, and apoptosis induction was evaluated. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and flow cytometry were applied. Both agents inhibited cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The apoptotic effect was observed in cells treated with valproic acid (7.5μM) but not zebularine (75μM). The valproic acid but not zebularine upregulated SOCS-1 and SOCS-3gene expression. Epigenetic modulation can reactivate silenced tumor suppressor genes SOCS-1and SOCS-3through histone acetylation resulting in apoptosis induction. Epigenetic modulation can reactivate silenced tumor suppressor genes SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 through histone acetylation resulting in apoptosis induction. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing problem worldwide. Determining a prognosis is important for the management of HCC. We aimed to investigate the impact of interleukin (IL)-29, galectin-3, leptin, fibronectin and protease-activated receptor-1 on the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with HCC. 60HCC patients (75% male) and 20healthy volunteers (70% male) were enrolled in this prospective study. Serum samples were obtained during the first admission before any adjuvant or metastatic treatments were administered. Serum biomarkers were determined using ELISA kits. All patients had cirrhosis, and the Child- Pugh stages were as follows 61.5% Child- Pugh A, 35.9% Child- Pugh B and 2.6% Child- Pugh C (61.7% hepatitis B virus, 11.7% hepatitis C virus, 6.7% hepatitis B virus+ hepatitis C virus, 11.7% alcoholic and 8.3% cryptogenic). Fifty-three percent of the HCC patients died within a median of 7.5months. The mean serum level of IL-29in patients with HCC was higher than that in the control group (32.55 pg/ml vs 11.46 pg/ml, p<0.015). Galectin-3levels were significantly higher in the HCC group (6.7 ng/ml vs 1.38 ng/ml, p< 0.001). Fibronectin levels were higher in the control group than in the HCC group (260 635 ng/mlvs 257 353ng/ml). However, the mean protease-activated receptor-1 and leptin levels were similar between the two groups (p> 0.05). The biomarkers were divided into two groups according to their median level. In the log rank analysis, biomarkers had no effect on survival (p> 0.05). IL-29and galectin-3levels were significantly higher in HCC patients. Although IL-29and galectin-3can be used as diagnostic markers for HCC, they had no prognostic value in HCC patients. IL-29 and galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in HCC patients. Although IL-29 and galectin-3 can be used as diagnostic markers for HCC, they had no prognostic value in HCC patients. Osteopontin (OPN) plays a critical role in cell proliferation and drug resistance in cancer treatment and hematological malignancies. In T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, most initial therapies can induce remission while some patients then relapse and do not respond well to chemotherapy. The sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide (PTL) can induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines via inhibition of pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B and has anti-tumor activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. To study the role of OPN in conferring in vitro resistance to PTL in Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells were cultured with 8-20μmPTLfor48h.Transfection with OPNsiRNA was provided. Apoptosis assays were performed with AnnexinV-AlexaFluor-488/PI. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measureOPNgene expression using the 2-2 method. PTL has cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on Jurkat cells with IC values of 16.1μm, and growth inhibition effect of PTL does not differ significantly in combination withOPN-siRNA.