https://www.selleckchem.com/products/L-Adrenaline-Epinephrine.html Objective To compare participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) motor subtypes, postural instability with gait difficulty (PIGD) (n=46) and tremor dominant (TD) (n=28) in cognitive and motor-cognitive assessments with the purpose of identifying associations between subtype and visuospatial, whole-body spatial, inhibition/switching, and planning/organizational aspects of cognitive and motor-cognitive function. Design Retrospective cohort study. Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, while two-sample independent t tests were used to analyze continuous variables. Setting Assessments took place at [Institution blinded for review]. Participants Participants (n=72) were aged 40 years and older, had a clinical diagnosis of PD, exhibited three of the four cardinal signs of PD, had shown benefit from antiparkinsonian medications, and were in Hoehn and Yahr stages I-IV. Participants could walk three meters or more with or without assistance. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Balance and mobility tests included Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale and the time needed to turn 360 degrees. Cognitive assessments included Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Brooks Spatial Memory Task, Color-Word Interference Test, Tower of London, Trail Making Test, Corsi Blocks, Serial Three Subtractions, and Body Position Spatial Task. Motor-cognitive function measures included Four Square Step Test and Timed Up and Go. Results PIGD participants performed lower than TD on mental status (p = .005), spatial memory (p = .027), executive function (p = .0001 - .034), and visuospatial ability (p = .048). Conclusions Findings suggest that PIGD subtype is linked to greater deficits in spatial cognition, attentional flexibility and organizational planning, and whole-body spatial memory domains. These findings support the need for more personalized approaches to clinically managing PD.Normal aging is associ