Steric repulsive force produced by absorbed EPS on CeO2 NPs might take main responsibility in stabilizing CeO2 NPs. Besides, Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (EDLVO) model successfully predicted the energy barrier between CeO2 NPs with B-EPS, TB-EPS and LB-EPS as a function of NaNO3 concentration. Furthermore, the difference in impeding the CeO2 NPs aggregation with B-EPS, TB-EPS and LB-EPS may be caused by the divergence in molecular weight and component mass fraction especially protein content. These results might subserve the assessment on the fate and transport behaviors of CeO2 NPs released in wastewater treatment plants. The wide application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has inevitably led to their release into the natural aquatic environment. Natural organic matter (NOM) is ubiquitous and would influence the fate and effects of these nanoparticles in such aquatic environments. Here we demonstrate that NOM plays an important role in the bioaccumulation kinetics and tissue distribution of AgNPs in zebrafish. In the presence of humic acid and fulvic acid, the uptake rates of AgNPs decreased while the depuration rates of AgNPs increased. As a result, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of AgNPs in the entire body of the zebrafish was reduced. AgNPs were mainly taken up by the zebrafish via oral ingestion and were greatly accumulated in the liver, intestine and gill. In the intestine, NOM effectively inhibited the AgNPs from penetrating the cell membranes into internal tissues and also suppressed the disintegration and dissolution of AgNPs in gastrointestinal fluid, thereby decreasing the absorption of Ag by zebrafish. This research underlines the significance of incorporating the effects of NOM into predictive models for accurately assessing the toxicity and ecological risks of nanoparticles in natural aquatic environments. The commercial farming of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, may require the periodic application of emamectin benzoate (EB) treatments to reduce the effects of biological pests, such as sea lice. As a result, EB is detected in sediments beneath these fish farms at considerable levels. Literature sediment toxicity data for EB for marine benthic species is only available for 10-day sediment toxicity tests, which might be too short to assess field effects. Here, we present a sediment toxicity test to determine 28-day mortality and growth effect concentrations for the non-target polychaete worm Arenicola marina, the crustacean Corophium volutator and the mollusk Cerastoderma edule using a marine microcosm setup. Results indicate that no concentration-dependent increase of mortality and growth rate was apparent to A. marina and C. edule. But for C. volutator, a concentration-dependent increase in mortality was observed, resulting in a calculated 28-d LC50 of 316 μg/kg dry sediment (95% confidence interval 267-373 μg/kg dry sediment). There were significant effects on C. volutator growth rate at concentrations of 100 μg/kg dry sediment and above (NOEC = 30 μg/kg dry sediment). These observations show that C. volutator is more sensitive to EB than A.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/polybrene-hexadimethrine-bromide-.html  marina, which differs from results reported in previous studies. Comparison to the most sensitive NOEC (30 μg/kg dry sediment) found for C. volutator (organisms of 8-11 mm length), shows that the Environmental Quality Standard, derived by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency in 2017 which based on freshwater species data (NOEC = 1.175 μg/kg dry sediment), are relatively strict and is sufficiently protective for the marine species tested in this paper. The risk of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) on aquatic organisms has drawn widespread attentions, but the effects of nanomaterials (e.g. graphene (G)) on Cd toxicity are rarely clarified. It was known that mixture of contaminants may exhibit more severe impact than the individual metal. Here, we conducted a study systematically on the effects of nanomaterials on the toxicity of Cd to Scenedesmus Obliquus (S. obliquus) with or without the presence of graphene family materials (GFMs) derived from G, such as graphene oxide (GO) and amine-modified graphene (GNH). Our results showed that the influence of GFMs on the acute toxicity of Cd to S. obliquus is in the order of GO > G > GNH based on their EC50 of Cd-GFMs. The effects of GFMs on the cytotoxicity and oxidative damage of Cd to S. obliquus are varied with the concentrations of GFMs. The differences between the effects of GFMs on Cd toxicity may attribute to their different surface oxygen-containing functional groups contained in the nanomaterials. The adsorption capacity of nanomaterials on metal ions, their dispersibility in water and their interaction mode with organisms, may dominate main contributions to their effects on Cd toxicity. Our study aids to clarify the interference of nanoparticles on the ecotoxicity of metals, to avoid the misunderstanding of the potential risk of metals in the complicate water environments. Many reports have investigated the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the properties of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM), which could significantly altered its binding affinity for contaminants. However, the effects of CNTs on algogenic DOM are largely unknown. To address this issue, the properties of algogenic DOM released by Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiense-DOM) under the stress from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/L graphitized multiwalled CNTs were nondestructively characterized by the use of UV-visible absorption and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices with parallel factor analysis. The results showed that the changes in the properties of P. donghaiense-DOM were highly dependent on the CNTs concentration. The properties of P. donghaiense-DOM under 0.1 mg/L CNTs treatment showed no obvious differences compared to the control. The addition of 0.5-10.0 mg/L CNTs changed the release pathways of P. donghaiense-DOM, resulting in significant alterations to the properties of P. donghaiense-DOM. The aromaticity, molecular weight, protein-like and humic-like components were enhanced under stress from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L CNTs on day 4, which can be ascribed to the overproduction of extracellular DOM (EDOM) that occurred in response to the significant increase in intracellular ROS levels. CNTs at 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L significantly induced membrane damage to P. donghaiense on day 4, which led to the leakage of intracellular DOM (IDOM) and then increased the molecular weight and protein-like components but decreased the aromaticity and humic-like components. After the P. donghaiense recovered to its normal growth under 0.5-10.0 mg/L CNTs treatments, the changes in the properties of P. donghaiense-DOM were attributed to the release pathways of P. donghaiense-DOM that were governed by the production of EDOM and the leakage of IDOM in the stationary and declining phases, respectively.