https://www.selleckchem.com/products/elexacaftor.html 08, but if a single-sided P value was used, it would have been 0.04 and the authors would have instead concluded that their intervention resulted in significant improvement. In the second study, researchers measured resuscitation times in pediatric and adult manikin simulations. They concluded no difference, citing a P value of 0.088, but if a single-sided P value was used, it would have been 0.044, and the authors would have instead concluded that the resuscitation times took longer in the pediatric simulation. These articles demonstrate how single-sided versus double-sided probability issues can cause researchers to draw inaccurate conclusions. As such, we would urge that this be more rigorously evaluated when the P values are between 0.05 and 0.10. These articles demonstrate how single-sided versus double-sided probability issues can cause researchers to draw inaccurate conclusions. As such, we would urge that this be more rigorously evaluated when the P values are between 0.05 and 0.10. Global health care initiatives emphasize the importance of engaging patients in their health care to improve the patient's experience and outcomes. Assessing patient preferences for engagement is critical, as there are many ways patients can engage in their care and preferences vary across individuals. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementation of the Patient Preferences for Engagement Tool 13-Item Short Form (PPET13) during hospitalization on patient and nurse experience of engagement. Readmissions and emergency department (ED) usage within 30 days postdischarge was also examined. The mixed methods study was conducted within two medical units in the United States between December 2018 and May 2019. Pre-implementation group patients completed a demographic survey and the Patient Experience of Engagement Survey (PEES) on discharge. Implementation group patients completed the PPET13 within 24