63; 95% CI 3.88-38.16), and side sleep position (OR = 10.17, 95% CI 3.84-33.73). CONCLUSIONS This study shows a strong correlation between eye rubbing and keratoconus, particularly when rubbing is performed with the knuckles. Additional associations were identified which may merit future investigation as risk factors, including sleep position, night-time work, and screen time.PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of deep learning (DL) models to detect obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) using in vivo laser confocal microscopy images. METHODS For this study, we included 137 images from 137 individuals with obstructive MGD (mean age, 49.9 ± 17.7 years; 44 men and 93 women) and 84 images from 84 individuals with normal meibomian glands (mean age, 53.3 ± 19.6 years; 29 men and 55 women). We constructed and trained 9 different network structures and used single and ensemble DL models and calculated the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity to compare the diagnostic abilities of the DL. RESULTS For the single DL model (the highest model; DenseNet-201), the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity for diagnosing obstructive MGD were 0.966%, 94.2%, and 82.1%, respectively, and for the ensemble DL model (the highest ensemble model; VGG16, DenseNet-169, DenseNet-201, and InceptionV3), 0.981%, 92.1%, and 98.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our network combining DL and in vivo laser confocal microscopy learned to differentiate between images of healthy meibomian glands and images of obstructive MGD with a high level of accuracy that may allow for automatic obstructive MGD diagnoses in patients in the future.PURPOSE To report the first histopathological examination of an explanted KeraKlear keratoprosthesis device and surrounding host corneal tissue 1 year after transplantation. METHODS An explanted KeraKlear artificial cornea was evaluated by histopathology to assess for tissue integration and corneal remolding. RESULTS Histopathological examination revealed collagenous ingrowth between the anterior and posterior corneal stromal lamellae through the holes in the device skirt. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and Masson trichrome stains demonstrated no significant inflammation, vascularization, or edema.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/zanubrutini-bgb-3111.html  CONCLUSIONS The KeraKlear artificial corneal device seems to be a biocompatible alternative to donor corneal tissues for visual rehabilitation for suitable patients.PURPOSE To evaluate the agreement of corneal curvature measured by a newly introduced swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA2) and Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). METHODS Corneal curvature was measured in 49 healthy subjects (age 24.8 ± 4.36) by using CASIA2 and Pentacam. Repeatability was evaluated for CASIA2, and agreement between the CASIA2 and Pentacam was assessed. The coefficient of repeatability, the relative coefficient of repeatability, the range of the limits of agreement were analyzed, and Bland-Altman plots were performed to assess the interdevice agreement of measurement. RESULTS For the intradevice reliability of the CASIA2, the mean difference between the 2 examinations was from 0.02 to 0.14 D for the corneal curvatures and the limits of agreement range was from 0.45 to 2.42 D for the corneal curvatures; there was no statistically significant difference found between the first and second examinations obtained from CASIA2 (P > 0.05). For agreement between the 2 devices, the Bland-Altman analysis of the posterior corneal curvature showed a mean difference of 0.16 D (P = 0.047) in the flat posterior corneal curvature and 0.16 D (P = 0.046) in the steep posterior corneal curvature. For the measurement of anterior corneal curvature and true net power (TNP) with the Pentacam and CASIA2, there was no significant difference in the flat anterior corneal curvature (P = 0.585), steep anterior corneal curvature (P = 0.274), flat TNP (P = 0.685), and steep TNP (P = 0.447). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated generally good agreement of corneal curvature measurement by using Pentacam and CASIA2. We consequently expect no difference in clinical outcome when measurements for corneal curvature, especially anterior corneal curvature and TNP, are performed with either of the devices.BACKGROUND Impaired brow function in adult patients with arteriovenous malformation is a serious disability that can even influence the field of vision. Brow reanimation techniques are used to recover a more natural appearance and brow function. Many static procedures have been set to augment brow elevation, but only dynamic procedures can lead to better functional results. In this study, the experience of a single surgeon addressing the challenge of brow restoration with dynamic procedures is presented. METHODS A retrospective review was performed using the records of 4 adult patients who underwent dynamic procedures using a soft tissue expander for brow restoration after arteriovenous malformation excision in the unilateral site of the forehead with the expander on the contralateral side. Movement and electrodiagnostic examinations were performed postoperatively at 2 months. RESULTS The patients included 3 males and 1 female (mean age, 20.5 ± 4.04 years). Brow improvement was noted in all patients. The results of the electrodiagnostic examination showed synchronous and spontaneous motor unit potentials and compound muscle action potentials with the contralateral forehead. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic procedures using a soft tissue expander can provide both static and dynamic functional brow elevation of the contralateral frontalis and skin.BACKGROUND Although many attempts have been made to augment the volume of the latissimus dorsi (LD) myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction, only a few studies on the shaping of the LD flap to achieve a natural native breast have been conducted. We introduce our novel method to reconstruct a naturally shaped breast by combining an extended LD myocutaneous flap with immediate lipofilling. METHODS The patients who underwent an immediate unilateral breast reconstruction with an extended LD myocutaneous flap and lipofilling were retrospectively reviewed. The extended LD myocutaneous flap in 180-degree rotation was combined with an immediate lipofilling procedure followed by suturing to reproduce the constant dimensions of a neobreast. RESULTS A total of 45 patients with a mean age of 46 years and an average body mass index of 23.1 kg/m were enrolled. The average weight of the mastectomy specimens was 299.0 g. An average 18.8 × 8.7-cm skin paddle within the flap was harvested, and 71.0 mL of fat was injected into the flap.