We also established that lasR- mutants have a growth advantage under swarming conditions when compared to wild-type. Our results demonstrate that a social phenotype, i.e. swarming motility, favors the emergence of mutants deficient in a quorum sensing regulatory pathway to the benefit of the whole population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The recent e-editorial (1) on the Molecular Microscope® Diagnostic System (MMDx) presents an opportunity to reflect on the opportunities inherent in molecular platforms and machine learning. Diagnostic platforms are judged by precision and accuracy. Precision is the reproducibility of the assessments; accuracy is the degree to which the assessments reflect the true disease state in the patient. For example, "rejection" used to mean T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) but that was inaccurate before the recognition of antibody-mediated rejection (2, 3). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM To report the utility of intraoperative use of indocyanine green (ICG) during deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) laparoscopic surgery for intestinal and ureteral assessment. METHOD A video on the use of ICG to assess bowel perfusion after intestinal resection and on the use of intra-ureteral perfusion of ICG. A 6 Fr ureteral catheter was introduced in to each ureters at cystoscopy and 7 ml ICG solution (1,25mg/ml of distilled water) was injected. The catheter was then removed. Using a near- infrared camera (OLYMPUS Medical System Europa and STRYKER Iberia S.L. Madrid,Spain), the fluorescent ureters could be visualized at laparoscopy. After rectal segmental resection, 4ml of ICG solution was injected intravenously to check the vascularity at the site of transection and the anastomosis further checked at ICG-rectoscopy, using a 12 mm- Kii balloon blunt tip (Applied Medical, Europe) RESULTS The ICG fluorescence may have a role in helping to identify and follow the course of the pelvic ureter especially when the anatomy is distorted. It has the added advantage ureteral fluorescence is detectable for at least 6 hours after injection of ICG. Intravenous ICG also provided a visual assessment of anastomotic perfusion after discoid and segmental bowel resections at laparoscopy and rectoscopy. CONCLUSION(S) ICG enhanced-fluorescence is a feasible, safe and reproducible technology in DIE surgery. It provides a real time evaluation of ureters and bowel. Finally, its adds little to the cost of a standard laparoscopic operation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The number of older people experiencing or at risk of homelessness, both long-term and first-time homelessness, is increasing. The proportion of women facing homelessness within that cohort is also increasing. When combined with complex health needs, appropriate long-term care options remain limited. This qualitative study conducted in Sydney, Australia, aimed to explore the care needs of older people with comorbid health issues who are facing homelessness and, from this assessment, derive a preferred model of residential aged care. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 29 participants from providers in the aged care and homelessness sectors. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. Causal and contextual factors, and consequences surrounding the experience of homelessness, informed the wide range of care needs of this group (model of care), and the organisational resources required to deliver them (management issues and staff). A trauma-informed approach to care consistently applied by all staff to all processes throughout the care home was recommended. Such an approach would further strengthen existing models of care and take into account both health needs (such as mental health, substance dependence and acquired brain injury) and significant losses through the life course of this vulnerable population. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Synthetic biology needs to adopt sound scientific and industry-like standards in order to achieve its ambitious goals of efficient and accurate engineering of biological systems. © 2020 The Authors.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/zanubrutini-bgb-3111.html  Published under the terms of the CC BY NC ND 4.0 license.BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), leading to a reduction of swallowing safety and efficacy. The tongue has an important role in swallowing function for oral processing and bolus propulsion through the pharynx. The study aims to analyze the association between instrumental findings of OD and tongue pressure. METHODS Patients with ALS referred for fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) were recruited. FEES was conducted to test swallowing function with liquid (5, 10, and 20 ml), semisolid (5, 10, and 20 ml), and solid. FEES recordings were assessed for swallowing safety, using the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), and for swallowing efficacy, using the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS). PAS scores >2 were suggestive of penetration, PAS scores >5 of aspiration, and YPRSRS scores >2 of residue. Maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and tongue endurance were measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Tongue pressure measurements were compared between patients with and without penetration, aspiration, or residue. KEY RESULTS Fifty-five patients with ALS were included. Mean MTP was 29.7 kPa, and median tongue endurance was 10 seconds. Patients with residue in the pyriform sinus had a significantly lower MTP than patients without residue in the pyriform sinus with semisolids 10 ml (P = .011) and 20 ml (P = .032). Patients with a tongue endurance less then 10 seconds exhibited higher frequency of penetration with liquids 5 ml (P = .046), liquids 10 ml (P = .015), and solids (P = .22). CONCLUSION AND INFERENCES In patients with ALS, MTP is significantly associated with an impairment of swallowing efficacy and tongue endurance was significantly associated with an impairment of swallowing safety. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.