g., volunteering) after leaving religion. This research has broad implications for understanding changing global trends in religious identification and their consequences for psychology and behavior.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/c646.html  (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).OBJECTIVE Suicide remains a leading cause of death in the United States, and recent reports have suggested the suicide rate is increasing. One of the most robust predictors of future suicidal behavior is a history of attempting suicide. Despite this, little is known about the factors that reduce the likelihood of reattempting suicide. This study compares theoretically derived suicide risk indicators to determine which factors are most predictive of future suicide attempts. METHOD We used data from a randomized, controlled trial comparing 3 forms of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; Linehan et al., 2015). Participants (N = 97, mean age = 30.3 years, 100% female, 71% White) met criteria for borderline personality disorder and had repeated and recent self-injurious behavior. Assessments occurred at 4-month intervals throughout 1 year of treatment and 1 year of follow-up. Time-lagged generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to evaluate relationship satisfaction, emotion dysregulation, and coping styles as predictors of suicide attempts. RESULTS Both univariate and multivariate models suggested that higher between-person variance in problem-focused coping and lack of access to emotion regulation strategies were weakly associated with additional suicide attempts over the 2-year study. Within-person variance in the time-lagged predictors was not associated with subsequent suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with a recent suicide attempt, problem-focused coping and specific deficits in emotion regulation may differentiate those likely to reattempt from those who stop suicidal behavior during and after psychotherapy. These results suggest that treatments for recent suicide attempters should target increasing problem-focused coping and decreasing maladaptive emotion regulation skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).OBJECTIVE Substantial research has accrued in support of a key role for social processes in substance use disorders (SUD). Researchers have developed a range of interventions that capitalize on these social processes to bolster treatment outcomes by involving significant others (e.g., romantic partners, family, friends) in SUD treatment. Yet dissemination of these treatments to many contexts has been slow, and information on their broad efficacy is lacking. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the effect of significant other involvement in SUD treatments above and beyond individually-based therapies. METHOD A total of 4,901 records were screened for randomized controlled trials examining the effect of Significant Other Involved SUD Treatments (SOIT) versus individually-based active comparator treatments. Our search yielded 77 effect sizes based on data from 2,115 individuals enrolled in 16 independent trials. RESULTS Findings indicated a significant effect of SOIT above and beyond individually-based active comparator treatments for reducing substance use and substance-related problems, d = 0.242, 95% CI [0.148, 0.336], I² = 10.596, Q(15) = 16.778. This effect was consistent across SOIT treatment types and endured 12-18 months after the end of treatment. Analyses of raw mean differences indicated that this effect translates to a 5.7% reduction in substance use frequency-the equivalent of approximately 3 fewer weeks a year of drinking/drug use. CONCLUSION Findings indicate a significant advantage for SOIT in SUD treatment, and hold interesting conceptual implications for theories of SUD maintenance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Impaired cognition and amotivation are considered core features of psychotic disorders. Amotivation may manifest as reduced willingness to expend effort on cognitive tasks. It remains unclear whether reduced effort is responsible for any of the observed cognitive deficits in these patients, as we do not generally assess continuous effort during testing. In the current study, we tested whether disengagement of effort is greater during cognitive performance in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) compared with healthy community members. We used a novel task called Cognitive Effort and DisEngagement (CEDE), which increases in difficulty and permits skipping any trial without penalty. No additional monetary incentives were used, and skips were used as an index of effort disengagement. We found that FEP patients had lower overall accuracy on the CEDE, but they also skipped significantly more, specifically on difficult trials. Self-reported amotivation significantly predicted skips among patients. The present results suggest that disengagement of effort may account for a portion of cognitive test performance among individuals with FEP. This possibility is relevant to cognitive remediation, as effort and ability may optimally be targeted by different interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).A synthesis strategy for the production of a key synthetic intermediate of gulmirecin A was described. The key reaction in the preparation of the 12-membered macrolactone is the Ni(0)-mediated reductive cyclization reaction of ynal using an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and silane reductant. In addition, the α-selective glycosylation reaction of the macrolactone was performed to demonstrate the synthesis of gulmirecin and disciformycin precursors.Thermotropic ionic liquid crystals of polyoxometalate (POM)-based ionic liquids (POM-based ILs), which are formed by a POM, K7PW11O39, and cationic surfactants, tetra-n-alkylammonium bromide ((CnH2n+1)4N+Br-, n = 6 and 7), are first proposed. As a model system, the cubic phase structure of a POM-based IL, (C7H15)4N+7PW11O39, was determined to form in a wide range of temperatures, exhibiting good thermostability, excellent mechanical strength, and high viscosity. Furthermore, the lyotropic ionic liquid crystals formed by (C7H15)4N+7PW11O39 in solvents such as chloroform or toluene still maintained a cubic structure. These cubic ionic liquid crystals (CILCs) were used as anticorrosion coatings both in acidic and neutral environments. The electrochemical measurements of Cu and Fe surfaces coated by CILCs showed an excellent ability of anticorrosion, indicating that the metals can be perfectly protected by the CILC coatings with high resistance and low capacitance. We assume that the CILCs may serve as barriers to stop oxygen diffusing to metals and interrupt the electron tunnels between the metal surfaces and the electrolyte solutions.